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Norio Narita, Bun’ei Sato, Teruyuki Hirano, Motohide Tamura, First Evidence of a Retrograde Orbit of a Transiting Exoplanet HAT-P-7b, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Volume 61, Issue 5, 25 October 2009, Pages L35–L40, https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/61.5.L35
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Abstract
We present the first evidence of a retrograde orbit of a transiting exoplanet HAT-P-7b. The discovery is based on a measurement of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect with the Subaru HDS during a transit of HAT-P-7b, which occurred on 2008 May 30 UT. Our best-fit model shows that the spin–orbit alignment angle of this planet is |$\lambda$||$=$||$-132.^\circ 6^{+\timeform{10.^\circ 5}}_{-\timeform{16.^\circ3}}$|. The existence of such a retrograde planet has been predicted by recent planetary migration models that consider planet–planet scattering processes, or Kozai migration. Our finding provides an important milestone that supports such dynamic migration theories.