Satow's Diplomatic Practice (6th Edition)
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Consular Protection Consular Protection
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Reporting and Political Work Reporting and Political Work
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Information and Trade Promotion Information and Trade Promotion
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Privileges and Immunities Privileges and Immunities
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The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations
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Career Consuls Career Consuls
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Honorary Consuls Honorary Consuls
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19 Functions, Privileges, and Immunities of Consuls
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Published:24 September 2009
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19.1 Although as explained in the previous chapter the historical origins, the titles, and the status of consuls are different from those of diplomats, the distinction between the functions of consuls and those of diplomats is not clear cut. The essential difference between diplomatic and consular work is that, whereas the diplomat does business with or through the central government of the receiving State, the consul for the most part conducts official business only with local or municipal authorities. The nature of the individual consul’s work varies to a much greater degree, as between different posts, than that of the individual diplomat. A consul in a busy port, for example, may do little else but shipping work; whereas in another place he may be concerned mostly with problems created by his fellow nationals in the receiving State as migrant workers, pilgrims, or tourists. Overall, however, it is the function of protection, in its broadest sense, which is the most important consular function, whereas in the case of diplomats the protective function is normally of less importance than the other major functions of negotiating with the receiving State and reporting to the sending State. Of course a consul is concerned with the furtherance of his country’s interests and with the maintenance of satisfactory relations between his country and others, but in practical, day-to-day working terms rather than in the political sphere. His functions quite often overlap with those of the diplomat in the embassy, but they are carried out at a different level and in a different way.
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