The WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures: A Commentary (2nd Edition)
Contents
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.1 The SPS Agreement and the Development Challenge 9.1 The SPS Agreement and the Development Challenge
-
9.2 The SPS Agreement and Developing Countries: Special and Differential Treatment and Technical Assistance 9.2 The SPS Agreement and Developing Countries: Special and Differential Treatment and Technical Assistance
-
9.2.1 Special and Differential Treatment (Article 10) 9.2.1 Special and Differential Treatment (Article 10)
-
9.2.1.1 Taking account of special needs of developing countries (Article 10.1) 9.2.1.1 Taking account of special needs of developing countries (Article 10.1)
-
9.2.1.2 Phased introduction of new SPS measures (Article 10.2) 9.2.1.2 Phased introduction of new SPS measures (Article 10.2)
-
9.2.1.3 Other relevant SPS provisions 9.2.1.3 Other relevant SPS provisions
-
9.2.1.4 S&D treatment in the WTO practice 9.2.1.4 S&D treatment in the WTO practice
-
-
9.2.2 Technical Assistance (Article 9) 9.2.2 Technical Assistance (Article 9)
-
-
9.3 Private Standards 9.3 Private Standards
-
9.3.1 Private Standards as a Challenge for Developing Countries 9.3.1 Private Standards as a Challenge for Developing Countries
-
9.3.2 Members’ Obligations with Regard to Non-Governmental Entities (Article 13) 9.3.2 Members’ Obligations with Regard to Non-Governmental Entities (Article 13)
-
-
9.4 Dispute Settlement and Developing Countries 9.4 Dispute Settlement and Developing Countries
-
9.5 Conclusions 9.5 Conclusions
-
-
-
-
9 The SPS Agreement and Developing Countries
Get access-
Published:24 February 2026
-
This version:24 February 2026
Updated in this version:
This chapter was updated to:
incorporate recent WTO developments regarding special and differential treatment
streamline the technical assistance section by removing redundant paragraphs and including the latest updates on the ongoing discussions regarding private standards.
Cite
Abstract
This chapter discusses the developing country dimension of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement). In this context, it elaborates on the key concepts of special and differential (S&D) treatment and technical assistance, as well as related proposals for reform. The chapter also considers private standards as a challenge for developing countries. It then looks into the contrast between the high politics of systemic reform and the concrete achievements secured in the less high-profile world of Committee governance.
Sign in
Personal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
- Add your ORCID iD
Purchase
| Month: | Total Views: |
|---|---|
| May 2026 | 4 |
| June 2026 | 3 |
| July 2026 | 2 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution's website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution's website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see "Sign in through society site" in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.