Volume 7, Issue 11, November 2020

In an era of evolving in the use of antiretroviral drugs and polymedication, this retrospective cohort study highlights the persistence of an alarming number of contraindicated drug interactions and a high prevalence of potential drug interactions involving antiretroviral therapies in HIV-infected patients overtime.

This cross-sectional study showed that cutaneous features are various among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Macular rash was the most frequent and could be predictive of worsening. They seem related to an immune system disturbance, leading to a vascular leak process.

Using data collected from a national surveillance network for COVID-19-associated hospitalizations, we describe inpatient COVID-19 investigational treatment use from March-June, 2020. Overall, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and remdesivir were used frequently. Over time, use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin declined, while remdesivir increased.

Using the UK Biobank cohort, we performed genome-wide association studies on 31 antibodies to 13 human pathogens known to be involved in non-communicable diseases. Our study highlights the important role of the HLA region in infectious disease immunity.

This case series presents 177 patients with tularemia in France between 2008 and 2017: glandular and ulceroglandular forms were the most frequent. Two aortitis, an infectious endocarditis, a myocarditis, an osteoarticular infection, and a splenic hematoma were diagnosed.

We performed a randomized controlled trial on adjunctive daptomycin in S. aureus bacteremia. Without external funding or advertisement, and despite showing no benefits to daptomycin, we noticed a clear change in off-study daptomycin use in our hospital during the trial.

Users of PrEP, TDF/FTC, or TAF/FTC, presented a higher seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 than the control group. No statistically significant differences were found in clinical manifestations. PrEP users should use the same prevention measures as those indicated for the general population.

Environmental contamination of the area around patients with Clostridium difficile infection treated with fidaxomicin may be reduced compared with those treated with vancomycin/metronidazole. This may be related to a reduced bioburden in the feces of fidaxomicin-treated patients.

Tuberculous meningitis is a medical emergency, yet no standardized treatment guidelines exist. We surveyed treatment and resource availability from 43 countries, which demonstrated heterogeneity and divergence from standard of care. Resources for bedside supportive care and monitoring were broadly accessible.

The adverse prognosis of bacterial or fungal infections in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is linked to the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Severity, type and microbiological features of infections are main predictors of the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure.

The hazard of bloodstream infections (BSIs) among 1311 pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients was relatively stable over a 21-year period. However, the hazard of fungal BSIs declined, and the prevalence of vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus faecium BSIs markedly increased.

The changing criteria for kidney injury from a relative change to an absolute serum creatinine threshold adopted by the 2017 IDSA/SHEA Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) guideline changed the disease severity classification for 82 of 770 patients (10.7%).

Therapeutic switches to dolutegravir with 2 NRTIs provide a safe option for patients with a viremia suppressive antiretroviral regimen in the presence of prior documented virologic failure and prior exposure to mono/dual NRTI therapy.

Rapid point-of-care (POC) PCR tests can generate estimates of viral load. Viral loads at diagnosis using a POC PCR test are associated with body temperature. Among our population, viral load at diagnosis was not predictive of disease severity or recovery.

A higher than expected seroprevalence of hepatitis C was found among pregnant women, many without known risk factors, in a prospective study of consecutive labor and delivery admissions.

Outpatient and at-home management of pregnancies affected by COVID-19 can be performed with close monitoring.

Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection included being a homeless shelter resident compared to a staff member, sleeping in a room with large numbers of other residents, and residing in a shelter where many residents leave and return each day.

In this first GWAS conducted in cryptococcosis, we describe, replicate and functionally validate novel loci upstream of the colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) gene encoding macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) as associated with susceptibility to cryptococcosis in HIV-infected South Africans.

A national cohort of ambulatory stewardship program characteristics and activities compared with inpatient stewardship programs. Ambulatory ASP effectiveness was shown to increase as programs met more of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention Core Elements of Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Using a mathematical model, we simulate the utility of different testing strategies to prevent the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shed in stool via fecal microbiota transplantation.

Use of corticosteroids and antiviral agent could prevent clinical progression of early COVID-19 pneumonia.

We performed whole-genome sequencing of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, where cholera outbreaks occurred, to determine their genetic lineages. Core genome phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates located in same lineage without regional clusters, which suggests that closely related strains circulated in Southeast Asia.

We describe a new route of transmission of Zika virus from an infected mouse to human during experimental manipulation.

The AMR Action Fund started by big pharmaceutical companies will invest $1 billion in small antibiotic development companies. The Fund will provide a lifeline to struggling companies, but it will not fix the challenges that threaten a sustainable antibiotic pipeline.

The COVID- 19 pandemic has showcased the field of Infectious Diseases (ID). We used Google Trends to find that this newfound attention has led to higher interest in ID training.