Volume 10, Issue 12, December 2023

The Karius test (sMGS) and tMGS had similar positivity rate in blood samples from 34 patients with IE. Overall, positivity of both tests and blood cultures combined was 97%. Either method has potential in routine practice for culture-free diagnostic.

We implemented a multisite Twitter-based curriculum focused on fungal infections and diagnostics. We demonstrated a wide dissemination of content and observed a significant increase in knowledge. This article highlights ways in which educators can leverage social media to improve knowledge.

In this retrospective cohort study of 1,347 patients with community-onset urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by extended spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE), 15% experienced recurrence of ESCrE UTI within 6 months. Independent risk factors for recurrence included neurogenic bladder, prior history of UTI, and fluoroquinolone non-susceptible UTI.

Pregnant people are at greater risk of severe COVID-19 illness. Results from a national cohort study of 93,624 deliveries indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection <7 days before delivery was associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of severe maternal morbidity.

There was no difference in the reduction of critical illness as measured by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score between baseline and 72 hours among patients treated with linezolid vs clindamycin for severe invasive group A streptococcal infections.

The clinical manifestations of coccidioidomycosis range from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening pulmonary disease, extrapulmonary dissemination, and meningitis. We propose a system for categorization of outcomes of coccidioidomycosis to harmonize clinical assessments during translational research of this increasingly common disease.

Immunocompromised patients with mpox have a significantly higher risk of hospitalization due to mpox than those with normal immune systems. Patients with CD4 T-cell counts <50/µL are at high risk of death due to mpox infection.

It is important to closely screen and monitor immunocompromised patients for potential coinfections of HIV and diabetes, as this can greatly impact their chances of recovery and decrease mortality rates associated with central nervous system tuberculosis.

In this prospective cohort study, conducted in 10 low- and middle-income countries in 2019–2021, the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus–associated lower respiratory tract illness in infants was low due to reduced viral circulation caused by COVID-19–related nonpharmaceutical interventions.

This article provides further evidence for the need for enhanced monitoring and management of people living with HIV even after they have achieved viral suppression. It highlights priority subgroups for enhanced care, including those not enrolled in a differentiated service delivery model, those aged 0 to 14 years, and people living with HIV who have been undergoing antiretroviral therapy for a shorter period.

• PD-1 and TIGIT are associated with impaired natural killer (NK) cell functionality in individuals coinfected with HIV/HCV.

• NK cell degranulation capacity improved in persons with mild fibrosis after direct-acting antiviral treatment.

• In cases of cirrhosis, although frequency of NK cells was restored, loss of functionality was not.

Treatment options for macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium are limited and a relatively novel fluoroquinolone, sitafloxacin, has been shown to have 80.6% efficacy.

Burden estimates of Staphylococcus aureus infections frequently fail to cover the spectrum of disease. Skin/soft tissue infections are the most common S aureus infection and particularly affect the Black population. Risks for hospitalization include diabetes, homelessness, and methicillin-resistant S aureus.

Health information exchanges offer the opportunity to study HIV trends across fragmented health systems. Here, we use health information exchange data to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV viral suppression and to illuminate racial disparities in HIV outcomes.

From 2016 to 2020, the adjusted overall incidence rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) across 7 US sites declined; however, changes over time varied by epidemiologic class.

This study identifies risk factors for serogroup B meningococcal disease among college students and considers how healthcare providers and schools might use them to prevent disease.

The hepatobiliary tract was the most common infection site of Aeromonas spp., with A caviae the dominant causative species. The distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes was species specific, although the resistance genotype and phenotype were often incongruent for β-lactam agents.

We identified risk factors for household transmission of viral acute gastroenteritis among patients enrolled in an active surveillance study. Household transmission of acute gastroenteritis increased if the primary case was younger, was norovirus positive, or had a longer symptom duration.