Search Results | Oxford Economic Papers | Oxford Academic

Skip to Main Content

Advertisement

Journals

Books

Sign in through your institution

Navbar Search Filter Mobile Enter search term Search

Issues
JEL
Advance articles
Submit
Purchase
About
Journals on Oxford Academic
Books on Oxford Academic

Issues
JEL

All JEL Expand Expand

A - General Economics and Teaching

A1 - General Economics

A10 - General

A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines

A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values

A14 - Sociology of Economics

A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics

A29 - Other

B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches

B0 - General

B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925

B11 - Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic)

B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)

B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925

B20 - General

B21 - Microeconomics

B22 - Macroeconomics

B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian

B26 - Financial Economics

B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals

B31 - Individuals

B4 - Economic Methodology

B41 - Economic Methodology

B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches

B55 - Social Economics

C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods

C0 - General

C00 - General

C02 - Mathematical Methods

C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General

C10 - General

C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General

C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General

C13 - Estimation: General

C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General

C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General

C19 - Other

C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables

C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions

C22 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

C23 - Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models

C24 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models

C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities

C26 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation

C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables

C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models

C32 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

C33 - Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models

C34 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models

C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions

C36 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation

C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics

C41 - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies

C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation

C5 - Econometric Modeling

C51 - Model Construction and Estimation

C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection

C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods; Simulation Methods

C54 - Quantitative Policy Modeling

C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling

C60 - General

C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis

C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium

C63 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling

C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory

C71 - Cooperative Games

C72 - Noncooperative Games

C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games

C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory

C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs

C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access

C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access

C83 - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods

C9 - Design of Experiments

C90 - General

C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior

C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior

C93 - Field Experiments

D - Microeconomics

D0 - General

D00 - General

D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles

D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact

D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles

D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation, and Evaluation

D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics

D10 - General

D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory

D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis

D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation

D14 - Household Saving; Personal Finance

D15 - Intertemporal Household Choice: Life Cycle Models and Saving

D16 - Collaborative Consumption

D18 - Consumer Protection

D19 - Other

D2 - Production and Organizations

D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory

D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis

D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights

D24 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity

D29 - Other

D3 - Distribution

D30 - General

D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions

D33 - Factor Income Distribution

D39 - Other

D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design

D40 - General

D41 - Perfect Competition

D42 - Monopoly

D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection

D44 - Auctions

D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium

D50 - General

D53 - Financial Markets

D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models

D6 - Welfare Economics

D60 - General

D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis

D62 - Externalities

D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

D64 - Altruism; Philanthropy

D69 - Other

D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

D70 - General

D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations

D72 - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior

D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption

D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions

D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation

D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty

D80 - General

D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty

D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design

D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness

D84 - Expectations; Speculations

D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory

D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory

D9 - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics

D90 - General

D91 - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making

D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice, Investment, Capacity, and Financing

E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

E0 - General

E00 - General

E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts

E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy

E1 - General Aggregative Models

E10 - General

E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Kaleckian

E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian

E13 - Neoclassical

E19 - Other

E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy

E20 - General

E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth

E22 - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity

E23 - Production

E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity

E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution

E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles

E30 - General

E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles

E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

E4 - Money and Interest Rates

E40 - General

E41 - Demand for Money

E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems

E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects

E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

E47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

E50 - General

E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers

E52 - Monetary Policy

E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies

E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

E60 - General

E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination

E62 - Fiscal Policy

E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy

E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes

E69 - Other

E7 - Macro-Based Behavioral Economics

E70 - General

E71 - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on the Macro Economy

F - International Economics

F0 - General

F02 - International Economic Order and Integration

F1 - Trade

F10 - General

F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade

F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation

F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade

F15 - Economic Integration

F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions

F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation

F18 - Trade and Environment

F19 - Other

F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business

F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements

F22 - International Migration

F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business

F24 - Remittances

F3 - International Finance

F30 - General

F31 - Foreign Exchange

F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements

F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions

F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems

F35 - Foreign Aid

F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration

F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

F40 - General

F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics

F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission

F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies

F44 - International Business Cycles

F45 - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions

F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy

F50 - General

F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions

F52 - National Security; Economic Nationalism

F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations

F55 - International Institutional Arrangements

F59 - Other

F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization

F62 - Macroeconomic Impacts

F63 - Economic Development

F64 - Environment

G - Financial Economics

G0 - General

G01 - Financial Crises

G02 - Behavioral Finance: Underlying Principles

G1 - General Financial Markets

G10 - General

G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates

G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading

G15 - International Financial Markets

G18 - Government Policy and Regulation

G2 - Financial Institutions and Services

G20 - General

G21 - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies

G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies

G28 - Government Policy and Regulation

G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance

G30 - General

G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation

G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

G35 - Payout Policy

G38 - Government Policy and Regulation

G5 - Household Finance

G51 - Household Saving, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth

H - Public Economics

H0 - General

H00 - General

H1 - Structure and Scope of Government

H10 - General

H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government

H12 - Crisis Management

H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

H20 - General

H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation

H22 - Incidence

H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies

H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes

H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies

H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance

H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

H30 - General

H31 - Household

H32 - Firm

H4 - Publicly Provided Goods

H40 - General

H41 - Public Goods

H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods

H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies

H50 - General

H51 - Government Expenditures and Health

H52 - Government Expenditures and Education

H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs

H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock

H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions

H56 - National Security and War

H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

H60 - General

H61 - Budget; Budget Systems

H62 - Deficit; Surplus

H63 - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt

H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations

H70 - General

H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures

H75 - State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions

H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories

H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession

H8 - Miscellaneous Issues

H83 - Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits

H84 - Disaster Aid

H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods

I - Health, Education, and Welfare

I0 - General

I00 - General

I1 - Health

I10 - General

I12 - Health Behavior

I14 - Health and Inequality

I15 - Health and Economic Development

I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

I19 - Other

I2 - Education and Research Institutions

I20 - General

I21 - Analysis of Education

I22 - Educational Finance; Financial Aid

I23 - Higher Education; Research Institutions

I24 - Education and Inequality

I25 - Education and Economic Development

I26 - Returns to Education

I28 - Government Policy

I29 - Other

I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty

I30 - General

I31 - General Welfare

I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

J - Labor and Demographic Economics

J0 - General

J00 - General

J01 - Labor Economics: General

J08 - Labor Economics Policies

J1 - Demographic Economics

J10 - General

J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts

J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse

J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination

J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination

J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

J17 - Value of Life; Forgone Income

J18 - Public Policy

J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor

J20 - General

J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

J23 - Labor Demand

J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies

J28 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy

J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

J30 - General

J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions

J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods

J38 - Public Policy

J4 - Particular Labor Markets

J41 - Labor Contracts

J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets

J44 - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing

J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets

J46 - Informal Labor Markets

J48 - Public Policy

J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining

J50 - General

J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects

J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining

J53 - Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence

J54 - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership

J58 - Public Policy

J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers

J60 - General

J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility

J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs

J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search

J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings

J68 - Public Policy

J7 - Labor Discrimination

J71 - Discrimination

J78 - Public Policy

J8 - Labor Standards: National and International

J81 - Working Conditions

J88 - Public Policy

K - Law and Economics

K0 - General

K00 - General

K1 - Basic Areas of Law

K11 - Property Law

K12 - Contract Law

K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability; Forensic Economics

K14 - Criminal Law

K16 - Election Law

K2 - Regulation and Business Law

K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law

K31 - Labor Law

K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law

K34 - Tax Law

K37 - Immigration Law

K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior

K41 - Litigation Process

K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law

K49 - Other

L - Industrial Organization

L0 - General

L00 - General

L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

L10 - General

L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies

L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks

L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices

L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

L20 - General

L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm

L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure

L23 - Organization of Production

L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing

L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope

L26 - Entrepreneurship

L29 - Other

L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise

L30 - General

L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship

L32 - Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises

L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out

L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies

L40 - General

L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices

L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation

L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy

L50 - General

L51 - Economics of Regulation

L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods

L53 - Enterprise Policy

L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing

L60 - General

L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits

L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction

L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels

L78 - Government Policy

L8 - Industry Studies: Services

L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce

L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism

L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software

L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities

L94 - Electric Utilities

L98 - Government Policy

M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics

M1 - Business Administration

M12 - Personnel Management; Executives; Executive Compensation

M14 - Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility

M16 - International Business Administration

M3 - Marketing and Advertising

M31 - Marketing

M5 - Personnel Economics

M50 - General

M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions

M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects

M53 - Training

M54 - Labor Management

M55 - Labor Contracting Devices

N - Economic History

N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations

N10 - General, International, or Comparative

N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-

N13 - Europe: Pre-1913

N15 - Asia including Middle East

N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions

N20 - General, International, or Comparative

N24 - Europe: 1913-

N25 - Asia including Middle East

N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy

N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

N33 - Europe: Pre-1913

N34 - Europe: 1913-

N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation

N40 - General, International, or Comparative

N45 - Asia including Middle East

N47 - Africa; Oceania

N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries

N50 - General, International, or Comparative

N53 - Europe: Pre-1913

N57 - Africa; Oceania

N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services

N70 - General, International, or Comparative

N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-

N9 - Regional and Urban History

N97 - Africa; Oceania

O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth

O1 - Economic Development

O10 - General

O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products

O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology

O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements

O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

O2 - Development Planning and Policy

O22 - Project Analysis

O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development

O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy

O25 - Industrial Policy

O3 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights

O30 - General

O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D

O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital

O38 - Government Policy

O39 - Other

O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

O40 - General

O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models

O42 - Monetary Growth Models

O43 - Institutions and Growth

O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

O49 - Other

O5 - Economywide Country Studies

O50 - General

O52 - Europe

O53 - Asia including Middle East

O55 - Africa

O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries

P - Economic Systems

P1 - Capitalist Systems

P10 - General

P13 - Cooperative Enterprises

P16 - Political Economy

P17 - Performance and Prospects

P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies

P20 - General

P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform

P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights

P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions

P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions

P4 - Other Economic Systems

P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies

P5 - Comparative Economic Systems

P50 - General

Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

Q0 - General

Q02 - Commodity Markets

Q1 - Agriculture

Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices

Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment

Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services

Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade

Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy

Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation

Q20 - General

Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture

Q23 - Forestry

Q25 - Water

Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources

Q29 - Other

Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation

Q30 - General

Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development

Q33 - Resource Booms

Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts

Q38 - Government Policy

Q4 - Energy

Q40 - General

Q41 - Demand and Supply; Prices

Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources

Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy

Q48 - Government Policy

Q5 - Environmental Economics

Q50 - General

Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects

Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects

Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming

Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

Q58 - Government Policy

R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics

R1 - General Regional Economics

R10 - General

R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

R15 - Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models

R2 - Household Analysis

R21 - Housing Demand

R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics

R29 - Other

R4 - Transportation Economics

R40 - General

R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise

R5 - Regional Government Analysis

R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy

Z - Other Special Topics

Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology

Z10 - General

Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature

Z12 - Religion

Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification

Z19 - Other

Z2 - Sports Economics

Z21 - Industry Studies

Z22 - Labor Issues

Z29 - Other

Z3 - Tourism Economics

Z30 - General

Browse all content Browse content in
Advance articles
Submit
Purchase
About

Close

Navbar Search Filter Enter search term Search

Advanced Search

AI Discovery Assistant

Skip to results

Modify your search

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Select the operation between terms

AND

OR

NOT

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Select the operation between terms

AND

OR

NOT

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Select the operation between terms

AND

OR

NOT

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Select the operation between terms

AND

OR

NOT

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Select the operation between terms

AND

OR

NOT

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Availability

Availability

All content I have access to

Purchased
Free

NARROW

Format

Facet list

Journal Article (1)

Type

Facet list

Research Article (1)

Section

Find a Section

The list will update as you type

Facet list

Articles (1)

Publication date

Date Range

Published
Updated

Date range

Single date

From Select month

To Select month

Publication date

1-1 of 1

JEL: L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm

Save search

Follow your search

Access your saved searches in your account

saved search image

Name your search

Follow this search

Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?

Save search

Sort by

Sort Order Select

Journal Article

The importance (or not) of patents to UK firms Get access

PDF

Bronwyn H. Hall and others

Oxford Economic Papers, Volume 65, Issue 3, July 2013, Pages 603–629, https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpt012

Published: 12 April 2013

Supplementary data

Advertisement

Email alerts

New journal issues

New journal articles

Sign up for marketing

Perform this search in

Journals Journals

Books Books

Oxford Academic Oxford Academic

Advertisement

Advertisement

Advertisement

About Oxford Economic Papers
Editorial Board
Author Guidelines
Facebook
Twitter

Purchase
Recommend to your Library
Advertising and Corporate Services
Journals Career Network

Online ISSN 1464-3812
Print ISSN 0030-7653
Copyright © 2025 Oxford University Press

About Oxford Academic
Publish journals with us
University press partners
What we publish
New features

For authors
Open access
Purchasing
Institutional account management
Rights and permissions

Get help with access
Accessibility
Contact us
Advertising
Media enquiries

Oxford University Press
News
Oxford Languages
University of Oxford

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide

Copyright © 2025 Oxford University Press
Cookie policy
Privacy policy
Legal notice

Close

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only

Sign In or Create an Account

Close

This PDF is available to Subscribers Only

View Article Abstract & Purchase Options

For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.

Close