... of market-based reforms, the system became more expensive, not more efficient; patients rarely behaved as the expected health-maximizing information processing consumers; and care became more chaotic and difficult to access. Citizens continued to look to the state to provide health services for the poor...

... insurance bureaucratic medicine charity medicine citizen patients health care private medicine Strong Philip Bevan Aneurin Mold Alex National Health Service United Kingdom consumer Pappworth Maurice patient activist movements self determination Thatcher Margaret Davis Joseph E individualism...