... examines racial barriers in employment and the position of Afro-Uruguayans in the labor market. The chapter furthermore highlights manifestations of the “new Negro” or black political parties that centered their campaign on the issue of discrimination. Afro Uruguayans invisibility of Artigas Mandado...

...This chapter presents Martin Van Buren's lasting legacy to the American political system: his conception of political parties in perpetual civil struggle. Ambiguously situated between state and ordinary life, the party would be an enduring institution in American civil society, occupying...

...Thomas Nast (1840–1902), the founding father of American political cartooning, is perhaps best known for his cartoons portraying political parties as the Democratic donkey and the Republican elephant. Nast's legacy also includes a trove of other political cartoons, his successful attack...

... Federal were political parties that had been formed soon after the United States took control of Puerto Rico and came to dominate Puerto Rican politics. Meanwhile, the labor movement developed its own version of reformist colonial politics. The chapter explores these parallel routes to accommodation...

... by assessing the crisis that hit Puerto Rico's sugar industry, political parties, and the labor movement. In particular, the chapter discusses the victory of the Coalición of the increasingly conservative Partido Socialista and part of the Partido Republicano in the 1932 elections that weakened the Partido...

...From the aftermath of Yorktown through the rise of political parties in the early republic, this chapter shows that legislation and policy (from the Treaty of Paris to the Constitution to attempts at abolitionism) were based on these new concepts of honor and virtue. It also shows...