...This chapter examines the racial discrimination that accompanied the use of municipal swimming pools in New York and other cities throughout the northern United States between 1920 and 1940. It discusses the factors that contributed to the exclusion and segregation of African Americans at Jim Crow...

...This conclusion examines the potential use of municipal swimming pools in the United States as public spaces that foster a vibrant community life and offer an informal social space where people from all walks of life can interact and communicate face to face. It reflects on how municipal pools can...

...This chapter examines the second redefinition of municipal swimming pools in the United States during the Progressive Era. More specifically, it shows how municipal pools were transformed into wholesome recreation centers that could ameliorate life in industrial slums, deter juvenile delinquency...

...This chapter examines the redefinition of municipal swimming pools in the northern United States that began in the Progressive Era, when large cities designed pools to combat crime and juvenile delinquency. It looks at the proliferation of private pools after 1950, most of them located...

...This chapter examines the contested early history of municipal swimming pools in the United States. It traces the creation of municipal pools during the last third of the nineteenth century as public baths located within residential slums to promote cleanliness, refinement, and modesty among...

...This chapter examines the transformation of municipal swimming pools in the United States during the mid- to late 1890s. It explains how popular acceptance of the germ theory of disease transmission rendered pools obsolete as public baths and renewed enthusiasm for athletics and physical exercise...

...This chapter examines the redesign of municipal swimming pools as leisure resorts throughout the United States during the 1920s and 1930s that resulted in the democratization of swimming. The pools of the interwar years came in various shapes and provided considerable leisure space, from sandy...