...This chapter describes how, over the course of the war, Lee's army became a symbol of the Rebel independence movement in the eyes of Confederates and Unionists alike. That image emerged primarily because of its staggering successes in the face of vastly superior Federal numbers and resources...

... Gerald Plummer Brenda Reddick Lawrence Wilkins Roy Gold Coast Nkrumah Kwame Roosevelt Franklin D and colonialism Roosevelt administration and colonialism Stettinius Edward United Nations UN U S foreign policy and African independence Indonesia South Africa —relationship with Africa...

...This chapter examines African Americans' engagement with Ghana's independence movement in 1957. Ghana's independence, followed by the accelerating pace of other African countries' gaining independence, provided a widespread, positive force for all African Americans to recast their images...

...Chapter 2 examines how women applied for federal positions and details the criteria department heads used for selection. In general, supervisors were paternalistic, choosing female applicants who presented themselves as dependent and helpless over applicants who displayed independence and ambition...

..., enjoying independence, filling their leisure time, and changing the demographics of Washington. For those who chose to do so, female federal employees’ salaries, newly acquired political knowledge, and personal associations provided them with the financial and practical wherewithal to participate...

...This chapter shows how the treaty ending the Spanish-American War of 1898 guaranteed independence from Spain. However, the birth of the Cuban nation was ushered in by U.S. imperial interventions in the years 1899–1902 and 1906–9. The Platt Amendment ensured the right of the United States...

...This chapter discusses how Cubans, who themselves had recently achieved independence from Spain, found affinity with the Chinese Revolution of 1911, overthrowing dynastic rule and applauding migrant transnational political activity in support of the Chinese nationalists. Cuban newspapers...

...This chapter discusses the escalating concern with prostitution in the years leading up to Cuban independence. Concerns with the regulatory system's limited capacity for standardizing responses to prostitution increased when Special Hygiene Section officials began to look beyond the boundaries...

... of his partners, black physicians, and other black professionals collaborated to build finance and build East Independence Plaza, a multi-story office building that opened in March of 1973, the first building of its type in North Carolina owned and operated by African Americans. Chambers Stein Ferguson...

...This chapter discusses the unsuccessful ten-year struggle for Cuban independence that broke out just prior to Ulysses Grant's 1868 election, in which Hamilton Fish had barely managed to warm the secretary of state's chair before some members of Congress began to argue that the war offered...

...This chapter focuses on a plot of rebellion in the captaincy of Minas Gerais. Upon its discovery, Portuguese commissioners named one of their star cartographers, Jose Joaquim da Rocha, as one of the possible instigators of a nascent independence movement. Rocha became a suspect after several co...

...Instead of viewing the path to independence as only about Paine's Common Sense and Jefferson's Declaration, this chapter shows the importance of stories about loyalist unrest in North Carolina and threats of the British hiring thousands of German mercenary soldiers in the first...

...It is widely believed that at the time of Independence there was in India a broad consensus on non-alignment. This consensus, crafted by India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, is depicted as having steadily weakened over subsequent decades, eventually collapsing when diplomatic isolation...

... of the white, slave owning classes in the context of the Age of Revolutions and the rise of independence states in the Americas. Aponte Rebellion bàtá drums Camejo María Francisca Haitian Revolution jihād Lucumí War Muslims òrìṣà worship plantations Barcia Manuel Bonaparte Napoleon Ferdinand VII...

...Chapter 1 examines the massive reconstruction effort undertaken at Mazorra at the end of the Cuban independence war. In particular, it examines the collaboration between U.S. occupying forces and Cuban liberating hero Lucas Álvarez Cerice to transform popular outrage over asylum conditions...

... ways can racism and equality exist together? And, how have people of African descent challenged, participated in, and negotiated such processes? This chapter also situates the 1959 revolution’s racial politics within over a hundred years of Afro-Cuban history from the wars of independence...

...This chapter argues that there remained a strong British cultural inheritance within American society despite the fact that the United States had won its political independence from Great Britain. This cultural heritage was especially visible in the U.S. Navy, which consciously modeled itself after...

...This chapter illustrates one of the ways in which African Americans asserted their independence in the wake of the Emancipation Proclamation in occupied Carteret and Craven counties. Many slaves felt emboldened by the Proclamation as a direct acknowledgment of their right to freedom...

...The introduction highlights the current scholarly emphasis on non-recognition and isolation in the decades following Haitian independence but reveals that primary source research calls this claim into question. The introduction also shows how these sources shed light on debates and applications...

...This chapter discusses the Cuban withdrawal and Namibian independence talks that had been broken off to protest the Reagan administration's announcement that it was extending military aid to UNITA. In late 1986, they informed Washington that they were interested in resuming the talks. The Reagan...