... into the Afro-Cuban population after the period of indenture. Alongside transnational merchants and diplomats, however, were thousands of former coolies who, like Pastor Pelayo, continued to work on sugar plantations or as employees in Chinese-owned businesses. Far from disappearing from view after indenture...

...This chapter describes how thousands of Chinese entered Cuba under the 1917 provisions for agricultural laborers. Soledad Estate in Cienfuegos recruited Chinese laborers and continued to concentrate them in the technical aspects of sugar production. In January 1921, for example, the following...

...This chapter describes how sugar production is practically nonexistent today in Puerto Rico. Between 1950 and 1960, the Constancia mill in Ponce, Central San Jose, Pasto Viejo in Humacao, and Centrales Rochelaise and Victoria closed. In the first half of the 1960s, El Ejemplo, Guamani, Juanita...

... career shows the high price exacted from those who accepted a place in the social order. Children Clientelism Cooperative Society of Peasants and Workers of the Emiliano Zapata Sugar Mill Sociedad Cooperativa de Ejidatarios y Obreros del Ingenio Emiliano Zapata Education Status quo Jaramillo Antonio...

... force from taking the entire Atlantic world as its scope, examining the marketing, meanings, and consumption of sugar as they changed over time. This chapter borrows from each of these two strategies, looking at the history of a single peripatetic family across three long-lived generations, from...

...This chapter examines how race and civics intertwined with the material culture of sugar consumption during the years before World War I. In particular, it considers the ways that diverse consumers, including white women, male soldiers, and African American and Asian American political commentators...

...This chapter examines how people in the United States learned to eat so much sugar, including piloncillo, the unrefined cane sugar common in rural Mexico. To this end, the chapter traces the consumer cultures of working-class people in different parts of the country, with particular emphasis...

... to the remarkable increase in sugar production and consumption during the period. The chapter argues that southern candy makers tailored their final products according to the race of the target consumers, and that work in southern candy factories was segregated to reflect what it calls the Jim Crow candy hierarchy...

...This chapter focuses on the debates over the political status of the island territories which took place through the New Deal sugar programs. Despite President Franklin D. Roosevelt's protest, Congress passed the Sugar Act of 1937, which explicitly limited imports of “direct-consumption” sugar—any...

... large fireplaces. Sugar became more common in the diets of the wealthy but remained rare among the less elite. Rice cultivation began in South Carolina as enslaved people brought their knowledge to the Lowcountry. Race remained a key determinant of people's diets. As southern towns and cities grew...

... haciendas comuneras jointly owned estates terrenos comuneros jointly owned properties Gómez Máximo Guantánamo Bay Cuba Platt Amendment Cuba U S sugar and other business interests Bass W L gavilleros “bandits” Kelly Hugh Roosevelt Theodore U S occupation of the Dominican Republic 1916–24 coffee...

... a narrative of plantation slavery that centers on sugar cultivation. Although some women did cultivate sugar, others worked as ranchers, grew pimento, ginger, cotton, and provisions. Regardless of the size of their agricultural ventures, women relied intensively on the labor of enslaved people. This chapter...

...This chapter discusses the reasons why Epps was in the habit of hiring the author out on sugar plantations during the season of cane-cutting and sugar-making—mainly the author's inability in cotton-picking. Epps received a dollar a day for the author's services, with the money supplying...

...Colonial Cuba is a period that corresponds to the rise and expansion of sugar production, slavery, and export-oriented sugar plantations at the end of the eighteenth century. This chapter describes the attempts to build sugar mills and the obstacles placed by the Spanish colonial system...

...By examining the Atlantic slave trade in the period prior to 1650, this chapter argues that despite its synchrony with the rise of sugar production, the slave trade evolved independently of the expansion of the sugar economy. It describes the purchase of African slaves from European ships...

...This chapter examines the European market for sugar prior to 1650, and how it was traded and consumed in Western Europe. Focusing on Antwerp and Amsterdam as epicenters of sugar consumption, it demonstrates the international nature of the sugar economy and the importance of underlining sugar trade...

...The rise of the sugar industry in Barbados has been labeled the Barbadian “sugar revolution.” Focusing on Barbados, the first non-Iberian colony to develop an important sugar economy, this chapter demonstrates the continuity of practices and patterns with the Iberian colonies as well...

...This chapter analyzes William Bartram's Travels (1791) in the context of an outpouring of texts on the natural history of colonial Florida after the Seven Years' War, when Britain moved aggressively to settle East Florida as a circum-Caribbean sugar colony. Travels...

...This chapter focuses on Cuba's shipbuilding and sugar industry in the period between 1772 and 1791. It begins by looking at the sugar boom in Havana after Spain reformed its colonial system following the signing of a peace treaty with Britain in 1763, as well as the geographic expansion necessary...

...This chapter focuses on the conflicts over private ownership of forests in Cuba in the period between 1792 and 1815. It first looks at the growth of Havana's sugar and plantation economy following the collapse of the French colony in Haiti and the settlement of the Artemisa Plain, along...