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Five Christian Globalism, Christian Nationalism, and the Ecumenical-Evangelical Rivalry
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Published:October 2022
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Abstract
This chapter narrates the history of the modern evangelical movement in the context of its rivalry with liberal, ecumenical Protestantism. In doing so, it helps us better understand how the modern evangelical movement defined itself against its perceived enemies and the ways this oppositional relationship shaped the politics of evangelicals from the 1940s to the present day. Evangelicals selectively adopted some aspects of ecumenism, the language of Judeo-Christianity, racial liberalism, and human rights that were initially pioneered by ecumenical Protestants. The modern evangelical movement was deeply influenced by competition with ecumenical Protestants. At the heart of the ecumenical-evangelical rivalry were two strikingly different orientations toward the world beyond America’s borders: Christian globalism and Christian nationalism. This chapter uses the career of Buell Gallagher, a stalwart of ecumenical Protestantism and a supporter of the United Nations and human rights, to highlight key contrasts between ecumenical and evangelical Protestantism. One cannot understand evangelicals today without a historical account of their rivalry with ecumenical Protestants and of the way they selectively appropriated ideas and practices from their rivals.
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