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Colonization in the Era of Gradual Emancipation Colonization in the Era of Gradual Emancipation
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5 “A Good Citizen of the Whole World”
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Published:August 2021
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Abstract
Decades before the founding of the American Colonization Society, Black colonization was promoted by people with an array of interests. Hardly an outlier, colonization ideology accompanied the first wave of gradual emancipation that began in the 1780s. But if colonization talk was common, its proponents disagreed about the ends it should serve and whether it should be voluntary or coercive, led by Black emigrationists or white colonizationists. White colonizationists in the Upper South embraced it because they feared that growing numbers of free African Americans would challenge slavery. Black northern proponents believed that a West African venture they controlled themselves could deliver political rights and economic independence. Black emigration plans converged for a time, although fleetingly, with the ideas of white ministers and antislavery reformers who saw colonization in Sierra Leone’s Province of Freedom as a missionary movement to suppress the slave trade. In the post-war period, white colonizationists looked west more often than they looked east, borrowing from the realm of Indian affairs while formulating their ideas.
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