
Contents
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Borderlands Pentecostalism Borderlands Pentecostalism
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Borderlands Evangelism Borderlands Evangelism
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Renewed Heterodoxy Renewed Heterodoxy
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Persistent Heterodoxy Persistent Heterodoxy
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Borderlands Conclaves Borderlands Conclaves
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Body, Gender, and Healing Body, Gender, and Healing
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The Disciplining State The Disciplining State
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Religious Remittances in Black and Brown Religious Remittances in Black and Brown
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1 Pentecostal Origins in the Borderlands
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Published:October 2015
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Abstract
Mexicans and Mexican Americans eagerly joined the Azusa Street Revival and soon thereafter carried a heterodox (non-Trinitarian) variant of Pentecostalism to border zones and agricultural valleys (Imperial, Coachella, San Joaquin, Ventura, Salinas, Maricopa, etc.) and mining towns in California, Arizona, New Mexico and Baja California. This chapter sets the early growth of this self-denominated Apostolic movement against the backdrop of Mainline precursors (mostly Methodist), Pentecostal competitors (mostly Assemblies of God missionaries), and distant African American sponsors (Pentecostal Assemblies of the World). The minutes of pioneering conclaves (1925-1927) led by, among others, Francisco Llorente, Marcial de la Cruz, and Antonio Nava in southern California and Baja California reveal a developing self-understanding in terms of doctrine and social and gendered practice. On the Mexican side, the movement's practices provoked governmental alarm over charlatanism, public health, and transgressive behavior between sexes. The Archivo General de la Nación has yielded up valuable sources that document Pentecostals' resolute insistence on constitutional rights and prerogatives and Mexican officialdom's suspicion of undesirable "gringo" and "negro" influences in this evangélico upstart.
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