
Contents
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tensions and Strikes Tensions and Strikes
-
Magdalenka and Beyond Magdalenka and Beyond
-
To the Round Table To the Round Table
-
Washington Responds Washington Responds
-
Disappointment Disappointment
-
Elections and Concerns Elections and Concerns
-
A Presidential Crisis … A Presidential Crisis …
-
… and a Presidential Visit … and a Presidential Visit
-
Search for a Multilateral Response Search for a Multilateral Response
-
“Your President, Our Prime Minister” “Your President, Our Prime Minister”
-
-
-
-
Six Volatility in Poland's Continuing Drama: Solidarność's Final Victory, February 1988 to September 1989
Get access-
Published:October 2014
Cite
Abstract
This chapter focuses on growing tension within Poland, particularly the massive strikes that erupted in the spring and summer of 1988. It examines America's long-standing position linking economic aid with Polish steps to resume negotiations, and how it empowered the opposition during the secretive Magdalenka meetings in the fall of 1988. It first considers the Bush administration's decision to pause and redefine U.S. foreign policy amid the Round Table negotiations. It then discusses the political crises that complicated President George H. W. Bush's trip to Warsaw in July 1989 before concluding with an analysis of American reaction to the creation of the Solidarność-led government. The chapter argues that the United States helped stabilize and slow Poland's democratic breakthrough by pursuing evolutionary, rather then revolutionary, change.
Sign in
Personal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
- Add your ORCID iD
Purchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing informationMonth: | Total Views: |
---|---|
November 2022 | 7 |
December 2022 | 7 |
February 2023 | 1 |
March 2023 | 1 |
August 2023 | 2 |
September 2023 | 1 |
July 2024 | 1 |
August 2024 | 1 |
October 2024 | 2 |
January 2025 | 1 |
April 2025 | 2 |
May 2025 | 1 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.