
Contents
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The Two Parties' Strengths, Differences, and Contradictions The Two Parties' Strengths, Differences, and Contradictions
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Nationalism Nationalism
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Institutional Power Institutional Power
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Intellectuals Intellectuals
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Ambivalence of Prewar and, Postwar Communist A nti-Americanism Ambivalence of Prewar and, Postwar Communist A nti-Americanism
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Cold War Alignment and, the End of Progressive America, 1946–1947 Cold War Alignment and, the End of Progressive America, 1946–1947
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1 The Communists and National Rebirth in France and Italy, 1944–1946
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Published:July 2011
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on America's confrontation with Western European Communism, which was as meaningful as its clash with Soviet Communism. Although the postwar growth of the French and Italian Communist Parties highlighted economic distress and quickly induced American policy makers to seek economic solutions, the leftist appeal was broader than simply economics, though this was not always immediately apparent to outsiders. In the first postwar years, French and Italian needs for reconstruction entailed a redefinition of national politics and identities. The postwar experience for the two profoundly traumatized nations came to be formulated in terms of national rebirth and renewal, offering, as might be expected, a chance for radical solutions. Communist anti-Americanism and American anti-Communism remained carefully restrained and relatively muted while the two parties remained included in government coalitions, and until the wartime Grand Alliance irretrievably broke down in the spring and summer of 1947.
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