... and then looks at the evolution of the yen’s real exchange rate with reference to international trade and inter-sectoral productivity growth gaps, as predicted by the Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson model, as well as fluctuations in relative international prices for traded goods, including energy. Distressed firms...

...). The results also challenge the conventional wisdom that small countries gain the most from international trade. This chapter also highlights the importance of trade in promoting higher GDP and real incomes. Domestic varieties Export variety Gains from trade Import variety ies International trade Markups...

... multilateral agreements, such as through international funds; allocation through markets established under international agreements, such as emissions trading; and allocation through environmentally motivated restrictions of international trade and investment. These three specific modes of resource allocation...

... Development Indicators Constant elasticity of substitution CES technology Spence Dixit Stiglitz CES aggregator Carbon taxation Energy demand International trade Structural estimation Quantitative general equilibrium modeling Environmental taxation is one of the few available policy instruments that may...

... production, international trade, processing, distribution, and retail sectors. Moreover, these global corporations play a key role in the establishment of rules and regulations by which they themselves are governed. This book examines how TNCs exercise power over global food and agriculture governance...

... approach to international economic relations, arguing that international trade leads not to winners and losers but to win–win situations in which all countries profit. This book takes on the sometimes-derided concept of competitiveness, demonstrating the value of systematic analysis in an area too often...

...This chapter explores the concept of economic geography, which is a theory of international trade which deals with firm location and industry agglomeration. The chapter gives a brief outlook on location literature that deal with geographically integrated firms that conduct all...

... Lipsey R E New Trade Theory China Kerry John United States static models offshoring macroeconomic effects fragmentation world welfare international production international trade A hot topic these days in the trade field is international outsourcing, or what is coming to be called offshoring...

...This chapter examines how the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) treats international trade in audiovisual services. Negotiations in the WTO have pitted proponents of a trade perspective (which holds that audiovisual services should be subject...

...The application of the monopolistic competition model to international trade by Elhanan Helpman, Paul Krugman, and Kelvin Lancaster was one of the great achievements of international trade theory in the 1970s and 1980s. Monopolistic competition models have required new empirical methods...

...This chapter explains why the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Secretariat, an otherwise influencial secretairat, failed to influence political outcomes in this case. The chapter illuminates the CITES Secretariat's efforts to manage overlap with the UN Food...

...This chapter looks at the difference between exchange rate regime choice in the modern era as contrasted to previous times and the implications of each system in the broader international monetary system and international trade. It surveys and discusses the various causes and determinants...

...This chapter examines the effect of exchange rate regimes on international trade through an overview of the research conducted on the effects of exchange rate volatility on trade. Research done by Rose as well as Klein and Shambaugh are taken into account as well to present evidence...

...; and the factor price equalization theorem. It concludes that although the formulation and testing of these later models have improved economists’ understanding of the forces shaping international trade, many empirical trade economists (himself included) were so enamored of the elegant but highly unrealistic...