...This chapter deals with the public’s role in decision making about new technologies is a contentious issue. It highlights the difficulty of giving due weight to societal values when making decisions about the future with protocells. It argues that protocells have the potential to be a mighty tool...

... interest. The chapter is divided into two main sections. The first suggests that an intentionbased framework for decision making extends beyond simple perceptual decisions to a broad variety of more complex situations. The second, which is a logical extension of the first, poses a challenge to Bayesian...

...Decision making involves selection from sets of options based on current evidence about the state of the world and estimates of the value or utility of different outcomes. The neural correlates of evidence assessment that guide simple perceptual judgments are now well understood, and we argue...

... Philiastides M G Roitman J D Schall J D Segraves M Shadlen M N Superior colliculus Hasegawa Y T McClelland J L Usher M evidence Strüngmann Forum Reports compound cue models for priming cue-dependent retrieval decision making implicit memory inference in text processing memory retrieval neural...

...Decision making is a very private thing, individualized and personal. Yet it has a cultural dimension. The human brain does not acquire language, symbolic skills, or any form of symbolic cognition without the pedagogical guidance of culture and, as a result, most decisions made in modern society...

...Classic behavioral decision research has intensively explored deliberate processes in decision making. Accordingly, individuals are viewed as bounded rational actors who, because of cognitive limitations, use simple heuristics that are successful in certain environments. In this chapter...

...Evolutionary and psychological approaches to decision making remain largely separate endeavors. Each offers necessary techniques and perspectives which, when integrated, will aid the study of decision making in both humans and nonhuman animals. The evolutionary focus on selection pressures...

... by the criminal justice system may be nearly meaningless. Glimcher P W culpability decision making dualism legal accountability neurobiology of decision making Dehaene S behavior criminal justice system involuntary irrational exculpatory behavior rational behavior voluntary rational behavior...

... Decisions and decision making Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Frontal cortex Hippocampus Insula Mesolimbocortical systems Nucleus accumbens Orbital frontal cortex Ventral striatum Reward centers and systems Incentive salience Luxury goods Mates Motives Social signaling Sports cars Acquisition...

... by humans towards consumption. This chapter provides an overview of life history theory and its relation to modern consumer behavior. In addition to highlighting underlying commonalities between human and animal behavior, we also identify novel directions for future research in marketing, decision-making...

... Halffman Willem Jasanoff Sheila Collins Harry Evans Robert Scientific advice construction of Boundary object Coordination mechanisms Griesemer James Star Susan Leigh science technology society STS political decision making The question about the paradox of scientific authority and the question...

...This chapter examines public participation in federal environmental decision-making from an environmental justice perspective. The authors begin with a broad overview of past research on public participation and environmental decision-making, and then discuss the opportunities and challenges...

... disease classifications, it is suggested to assess alterations of basic mechanisms of decision making and reward related learning, which cut across established nosological boundaries. For example, dopamine-dependent reinforcement learning is altered in psychotic, affective and addictive disorders. Frances...

... focuses on the problem-solving capacity of the CLRTAP regime, which has been hampered by several factors, including limited secretarial capacity and a consensual decision-making style. The formation of the CLRTAP Implementation Committee in 1997 has helped to increase transparency and has made...

...A number of scholars argue that human and animal decision making, at least to the extent that it is driven by representational mental states, should be seen to be the result of the application of a vast array of highly specialized decision rules. By contrast, other scholars argue that we should see...

... making. It is now possible to draw together the different aspects of the book and thereby bring out several overarching conclusions. I have considered the evolution of a widespread suite of psychological traits: namely, decision making based on cognitive representations (multi-tracking representations...

...This chapter, which is concerned with the neurophysiology of decision making in mammals, reviews a set of identifiable failure points within the system. It argues that addiction should be considered in the light of vulnerabilities in the machinery of the decision-making system, and suggests...

... making. These findings are based on decision-making frameworks that highlight several cognitive processes such as the representation of internal states, the determination of outcome value, the adaptive coding of outcome value, the determination of action costs, linking value to action...

...This chapter focuses on the neurocognitive development of social decision making. It presents evidence that the development of social decision making is related to changes in different, but interacting, brain networks. The chapter suggests that structural changes in brain development during...

... linked with innovation and human decision-making processes. Bowles S Brain Cognitive processes Conformist behaviors Decision making heuristics Gintis H Innovation Invention Motivation Replicative behaviors Bonded rationality Brass M Callebaut W Gigerenzer G Goldstein D G Heyes C M...