...People generally remain unaware of many of their own actions, in part because, even when an action is consciously executed, its memory trace does not last long and is thus quickly forgotten. Some actions are executed automatically and others under conscious control. This chapter examines actions...

... resource—clarify topics such as the role of effort in decision-making, the neurophysiology of effortless attention and action, the role of automaticity in effortless action, expert performance in effortless action, and the neurophysiology and benefits of attentional training....

... subarticulating and the ability to synchronize eye movements with articulation while reading. The chapter also introduces concepts such as the Hebb rule, classical conditioning, automaticity, and the power law of practice. Fawcett Nicolson Eye movements Learning Reading Speech internalization Theory Besner...

...The chapter reviews the role of attention during the processing of emotion-laden visual information, discussing evidence both for and against automaticity. It emphasizes that several of the terms most often used to describe affective processing—“preattentive,” “automatic,” and “unaware...

..., arousal, salience detection, novelty detection, and relevance detection; (2) Processing of emotion-laden information is not automatic; (3) An integration model is better than a segregation one to understand the organization of cognition and emotion in prefrontal cortex; (4) Motivation and reward have...

...This chapter presents results of cognitive investigations of dyslexia as a learning difficulty. It discusses the concept of automaticity to explain the underlying problems of dyslexia. The chapter proposes the dyslexic automatization deficit (DAD) hypothesis, which suggests that dyslexic children...