... Atlas of the Water Environment and Digestive Cancer Mortality in the Huai River Basin Confidence and denial related to harm of pollution Health Dependence on polluting industries Huo Daishan Local political economy Cancer villages Pollution Collective action Rural China Scientific evidence...

... Bayesian inference decision making, neurobiology of intentional action sequential analysis organization signal-detection theory value-based decisions Progress in understanding the neurobiology of decision making stems from simple experimental paradigms. Several pivotal studies (reviewed in Gold...

...This chapter examines the neurological mechanisms by which we recognize actions as our own and how a sense of self may emerge from action. It considers how we feel in control of our actions and the ability to attribute one’s own actions to the self. It discusses evidence from studies that have...

... experiments that show how the brain generates action and addresses the question of whether consciousness causes or results from the initiation of action. It also considers whether activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA), which lies at the midline on the medial surface of the hemisphere, is necessary...

... and intention in the production of action, the phenomenology of agency is unlikely to be systematically misleading. In addition, our experience of ourselves as agents who do things for reasons does not necessarily lead us into error. After describing Wegner’s matching model of the conscious will, the chapter...

... Large monopolar cell LMC Nernst equation Potassium channels Sodium channel Energy cost G protein coupled receptor GPCR Costs Reversal potential Self shunting Potassium conductance Analogue circuit elements Divisive normalization Exponentiation mathematical operation Action potential...

...This chapter begins by identifying putative action that an agent performed by tracing its effects back to some bodily movement. This bodily movement has to be one that can be considered a basic action, i.e. one that the agent knows how to perform, and it further has to be the case that his...

...This chapter is a response to the arguments presented in the previous one. The previous chapter’s criticisms were directed against philosophers who argue that deficiencies in the standard story of action are to be addressed through the addition of states of different sorts from beliefs and desires...

...This chapter argues that it is helpful for action theorists to be more explicit about what their larger motivations are, and to keep their theorizing consciously in contact with broader philosophical goals. Action theorists, particularly Wittgenstein, have often presupposed the existence...

...In response to the claims made in the previous chapter, this chapter questions the claim made by Carolina Sartorio regarding the right account of intentional omission and how it does not parallel a causal theory of action, and poses the question, “if this is the case, does it make trouble...

...This chapter discusses the view according to which human actions are explained teleologically and, therefore, all causal accounts of action explanation are, in a sense, rivals. This view is referred to here as “anticausalist teleologism” (AT). Teleological explanations of human actions...

...Myrto Mylopoulos discusses the traditionally neglected phenomenon of action consciousness and its breakdowns in pathological conditions. She introduces a novel framework for understanding action consciousness, which parallels one that is used to discuss state consciousness. In particular, she...

...This chapter examines moral judgment, a central topic for the majority of philosophical moral psychology today. It presents three vignettes accompanied by three questions that raise the issues of pluralism, externalism, and action about moral judgment. It argues that moral judgments can arise...

...This chapter examines the production of action in the context of moral psychology, first by considering the familiar philosophical debate about the psychology of virtue. It then describes the Wide Moral Systems Hypothesis by demonstrating the possibility, the plausibility, and the moral...

...This chapter looks at how people protect the illusion of conscious will. It seems that people do this because they have an ideal of conscious agency that guides their inferences about what they must have known and willed even when they perform actions that they did not intend. The chapter analyzes...

...This chapter considers the inclination that people have in certain circumstances to project actions they have caused onto plausible agents outside themselves. These outside agents can be imaginary, as when people attribute their actions to spirits or other entities. The focus in this chapter...

...This chapter discusses the experience of losing the authorship of one's action to an imagined agent. This transformation is sufficiently bizarre that it has been something of an obsession in both the popular press and in scientific literature. Much of the liveliness of the field of anthropology...

... and body to indicate when a person senses having authored an action. The idea that conscious will is an emotion of authorship moves beyond the standard way in which people have been thinking about free will and determinism and presses toward a useful new perspective. The chapter explores how the emotion...

...This chapter reviews recent evidence of top-down control over the motor cortex during action selection under conflict and action inhibition and describes the role of the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) in mediating this control. It focuses...

...This chapter explores the role of mesolimbic dopamine projection in translating motivation into action in the brain. First, it describes the anatomy and physiology of mesolimbic dopamine and then investigates why it is implicated in motivating actions and the control of behavior. Finally...