Similarity in Difference: Marriage in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900
Similarity in Difference: Marriage in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900
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Abstract
Since Malthus, the great contrast between Europe (England) and Asia (China) in marriage patterns and mechanisms, and household formation and family systems has been underlined by demographers and anthropologists. In Europe, late marriages, high celibacy rates, preventive checks, individualism – in Asia, early marriages, universal marriage, positive checks, parental authority (e.g. Malthus, Hajnal, Wrigley/Schofield, Macfarlane, Wolf, Skinner). This book challenges the rhetoric of an East-West dichotomy in marriage patterns and mechanisms, because it implies a picture that is too simplistic, based mainly on studies of social norms and aggregate statistics. This book argues for the EAP approach to the study of pre-industrial marriage: comparison of local populations in Asia (China, Japan) and Europe (Belgium, Italy, Sweden) for which individual-level longitudinal data are available, using the same framework, models and methods of analysis (event history analysis). In relation to the East-West binary, the EAP findings confirm the previous picture of general differences in marriage pattern and family system. However, when studied at the individual-level, great similarity in human behavior across study populations was found. For some variables effects were universal (sex, age, duration of widowhood), while for others effects indicated similarity given the differences in family systems. Little support was found for the existence of a Malthusian preventive check exclusive for Europe: there was no marriage response to fluctuation in food prices in the lower socioeconomic status groups in the European locations, and individuals from more prosperous families married earlier in all study populations.
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Front Matter
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I Introduction
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II Comparative Demographies
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4
The Roads to Reproduction: Comparing Life-Course Trajectories in Preindustrial Eurasia
Martin Dribe and others
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5
The Influence of Economic Factors on First Marriage in Historical Europe and Asia
Tommy Bengtsson
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6
Remarriage, Gender, and Rural Households: A Comparative Analysis of Widows and Widowers in Europe and Asia
Satomi Kurosu and others
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4
The Roads to Reproduction: Comparing Life-Course Trajectories in Preindustrial Eurasia
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III Local Histories
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7
Social Norms and Human Agency: Marriage in Nineteenth-Century Sweden
Martin Dribe andChrister Lundh
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8
Prudence as Obstinate Resistance to Pressure: Marriage in Nineteenth-Century Rural Eastern Belgium
Michel Oris and others
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9
Between Constraints and Coercion: Marriage and Social Reproduction in Northern and Central Italy in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Renzo Derosas and others
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10
Economic and Household Factors of First Marriage in Two Northeastern Japanese Villages, 1716–1870
Noriko O. Tsuya andSatomi Kurosu
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11
Categorical Inequality and Gender Difference: Marriage and Remarriage in Northeast China, 1749–1913
Shuang Chen and others
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7
Social Norms and Human Agency: Marriage in Nineteenth-Century Sweden
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IV Conclusion
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End Matter
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