Transformations of Lamarckism: From Subtle Fluids to Molecular Biology
Transformations of Lamarckism: From Subtle Fluids to Molecular Biology
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Abstract
In 1809—the year of Charles Darwin's birth—Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published Philosophie zoologique, the first comprehensive and systematic theory of biological evolution. The Lamarckian approach emphasizes the generation of developmental variations; Darwinism stresses selection. Lamarck's ideas were eventually eclipsed by Darwinian concepts, especially after the emergence of the Modern Synthesis in the twentieth century. The different approaches—which can be seen as complementary rather than mutually exclusive—have important implications for the kinds of questions biologists ask and for the type of research they conduct. Lamarckism has been evolving—or, in Lamarckian terminology, transforming—since Philosophie zoologique's description of biological processes mediated by “subtle fluids.” The chapters in this book focus on new developments in biology that make Lamarck's ideas relevant not only to modern empirical and theoretical research but also to problems in the philosophy of biology. Chapters discuss the historical transformations of Lamarckism from the 1820s to the 1940s, and the different understandings of Lamarck and Lamarckism; the Modern Synthesis and its emphasis on Mendelian genetics; theoretical and experimental research on such “Lamarckian” topics as plasticity, soft (epigenetic) inheritance, and individuality; and the importance of a developmental approach to evolution in the philosophy of biology. The book shows the advantages of a “Lamarckian” perspective on evolution. Indeed, the development-oriented approach it presents is becoming central to current evolutionary studies—as can be seen in the burgeoning field of Evo-Devo.
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Front Matter
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Introductory Essays
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I History
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3
Introduction: Lamarckian Problematics in Historical Perspective
Snait B. Gissis
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4
Lamarck, Cuvier, and Darwin on Animal Behavior and Acquired Characters
Richard W. Burkhardt
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5
The Golden Age of Lamarckism, 1866–1926
Sander Gliboff
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6
Germinal Selection: A Weismannian Solution to Lamarckian Problematics
Charlotte Weissman
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7
The Notions of Plasticity and Heredity among French Neo-Lamarckians (1880–1940): From Complementarity to Incompatibility
Laurent Loison
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8
Lamarckism and Lysenkoism Revisited
Nils Roll-Hansen
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9
Lamarckism and the Constitution of Sociology
Snait B. Gissis
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3
Introduction: Lamarckian Problematics in Historical Perspective
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II The Modern Synthesis
- 10 Introduction: The Exclusion of Soft (“Lamarckian”) Inheritance from the Modern Synthesis
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11
Attitudes to Soft Inheritance in Great Britain, 1930s–1970s
Marion J. Lamb
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12
The Decline of Soft Inheritance
Scott Gilbert
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13
Why Did the Modern Synthesis Give Short Shrift to “Soft Inheritance”?
Adam Wilkins
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14
The Modern Synthesis: Discussion
Eva Jablonka
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III Biology
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15
Introduction: Lamarckian Problematics in Biology
Eva Jablonka
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16
Lamarck’s Dangerous Idea
Stuart A. Newman andRamray Bhat
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17
Behavior, Stress, and Evolution in Light of the Novosibirsk Selection Experiments
Arkady L. Markel andLyudmila N. Trut
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18
The Role of Cellular Plasticity in the Evolution of Regulatory Novelty
Erez Braun andLior David
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19
Evolutionary Implications of Individual Plasticity
Sonia E. Sultan
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20
Epigenetic Variability in a Predator-Prey System
Sivan Pearl and others
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21
Cellular Epigenetic Inheritance in the Twenty-First Century
Eva Jablonka
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22
An Evolutionary Role for RNA-Mediated Epigenetic Variation?
Minoo Rassoulzadegan
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23
Maternal and Transgenerational Influences on Human Health
Peter D. Gluckman and others
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24
Plants: Individuals or Epigenetic Cell Populations?
Marcello Buiatti
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25
Instantaneous Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in the Wheat Genome Caused by Allopolyploidization
Moshe Feldman andAvraham A. Levy
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26
Lamarckian Leaps in the Microbial World
Jan Sapp
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27
Symbionts as an Epigenetic Source of Heritable Variation
Scott F. Gilbert
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15
Introduction: Lamarckian Problematics in Biology
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IV Philosophy
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28
Introduction: Lamarckian Problematics in the Philosophy of Biology
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29
Mind the Gaps: Why Are Niche Construction Models So Rarely Used?
Ayelet Shavit andJames Griesemer
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30
Our Plastic Nature
Paul Griffiths
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31
The Relative Significance of Epigenetic Inheritance in Evolution: Some Philosophical Considerations
James Griesemer
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32
The Metastable Genome: A Lamarckian Organ in a Darwinian World?
Ehud Lamm
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33
Self-Organization, Self-Assembly, and the Inherent Activity of Matter
Evelyn F. Keller
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28
Introduction: Lamarckian Problematics in the Philosophy of Biology
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V Ramifications and Future Directions
- 34 Introduction: Ramifications and Future Directions
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35
Lamarck on the Nervous System: Past Insights and Future Perspectives
Simona Ginsburg
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36
Lamarck’s “Pouvoir de la Nature” Demystified: A Thermodynamic Foundation to Lamarck’s Concept of Progressive Evolution
Francis Dov Por
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37
Prokaryotic Epigenetic Inheritance and Its Role in Evolutionary Genetics
Luisa Hirschbein
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38
Evolution as Progressing Complexity
Raphael Falk
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39
Epigenetics and the “New Biology”: Enlisting in the Assault on Reductionism
Alfred I. Tauber
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40
Epigenetic Inheritance: Where Does the Field Stand Today? What Do We Still Need to Know?
Adam Wilkins
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41
Final Discussion
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End Matter
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