
Contents
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After the US Invasion After the US Invasion
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Redefinition of the Leaf Exporter Redefinition of the Leaf Exporter
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The Concentration of the Leaf Trade The Concentration of the Leaf Trade
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Corporate Leaf Dealers Corporate Leaf Dealers
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The Leaf Department The Leaf Department
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The Growers’ Cooperatives The Growers’ Cooperatives
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Nine The Hermanos Cheos: Religious Resistance to the Breakdown of Order and Market Forces, 1898–1938
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Six Tobacco Leaf Dealers, Stemmers, and Merchants after the Invasion
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Published:October 2022
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Abstract
Chapter 6 examines the independent firms and individuals that served as intermediaries between the growers and the manufacturers, during the early decades of the twentieth century. These intermediaries ranged from large growers, shopkeepers, overseas exporters, and witnessed the rise of a large scale dealer dedicated almost exclusively to the tobacco trade. The domination of the large dealer went in a tandem with the proliferation of tobacco stemmeries and leaf packers, the occasional bank, and the manufacturers themselves. Consequently, the chapter documents development of marketing oligopolies that followed the formidable concentration of cigar leaf trading into few firms after the 1898 invasion. It also examines the creation of leaf marketing cooperatives of tobacco growers with liens (refacción) of their members’ crops in an attempt to wrest control of the leaf trade away from the hands of large dealers.
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