Population and Society in Western European Port-Cities, c. 1650–1939
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One of the original aims of the Institute for European Population Studies was to concentrate research activities on the demography of urban areas and of the urbanization process. Urbanization was a critical element in European demographic change in the modern period, with unprecedented population growth associated directly with rapid urban expansion. Our earlier publication in this series (Lawton and Lee, 1989) examined key aspects of urban population change in a number of Western European countries. It focused on different aspects of urban growth, including the respective role of natural increase and in-migration in urban demographic development, the nature and impact of the migration process and the significance of urbanization for demographic change in modern Europe. The individual contributions highlighted the significant acceleration of large city growth from the earlynineteenth century onwards, the steepening of the downward curve of urban rank-size distribution, and the perceptible patterns of increasing European convergence: by the early-twentieth century Europe's cities were effectively dominated by national capitals, major ports and the central towns of the main industrial regions.
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