
Contents
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The Failure of Air Bombardment: Foundation for the Great Debate The Failure of Air Bombardment: Foundation for the Great Debate
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Location and Physical Description of the Objective Location and Physical Description of the Objective
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The Planning Process The Planning Process
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The Great Gunfire Support Debate: Navy vs. Marine Corps The Great Gunfire Support Debate: Navy vs. Marine Corps
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The Japanese Defensive Scheme The Japanese Defensive Scheme
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The American Response The American Response
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The Marine Perspective The Marine Perspective
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Appendix 8.1 Appendix 8.1
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Appendix 8.2 Appendix 8.2
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Appendix 8.3 Appendix 8.3
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Appendix 8.4 Appendix 8.4
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8 Naval Gunfire Support at Iwo Jima: The Perils of Doctrinal Myopia
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Published:October 2019
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Abstract
One component of the American amphibious warfare doctrine developed by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps during the interwar period concerned the use of naval gunfire in the softening up of enemy defenses prior to the landing of troops ashore. Historians of the war in the Pacific have traditionally argued that the Americans made mistakes, but that they learned valuable lessons along the way and applied those lessons fairly consistently. This chapter by Donald K. Mitchener asserts that this argument needs modification in the case of pre-assault naval gunfire support at Iwo Jima. It describes how the need to maintain strategic momentum against Japan resulted in a gunfire plan that was not adequate to the task. The chapter also shows how General Kuribayashi, the Japanese commander at Iwo, inadvertently created a defensive scheme that caused the Americans to waste much of the ammunition they expended on their last day of naval gunfire preparation.
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