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Volume 8, Issue 4, September 2019
PLOTKIN COLUMN
Measles: Breakouts and Breakthroughs
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
First United States Outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus Hand and Foot Disease Among Children Associated With a Wading Pool
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Metronidazole in Pediatric Patients With Acute Appendicitis: A Prospective Study
Predicting Viral Failure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Perinatally Infected Youth With Persistent Low-Level Viremia on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Antibiotic Stewardship in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Effects of an Automatic 48-Hour Antibiotic Stop Order on Antibiotic Use
An automatic 48-hour stop order for antibiotics in the admission order set decreases antibiotic use in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Outcomes of Human Adenovirus Infection and Disease in a Retrospective Cohort of Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Human adenoviruses were commonly detected in this cohort of pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation, and the case-fatality rate in allogeneic transplant recipients was high (25.9%). Preemptive cidofovir therapy was not associated with a reduction in the progression to human adenovirus disease.
Performance of Surveillance Case Definitions in Detecting Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Young Children Hospitalized With Severe Respiratory Illness—South Africa, 2009–2014
Analyses of hospital-based sentinel surveillance for acute lower respiratory infection in children aged <5 years in South Africa revealed that a fever-based case definition for severe acute respiratory infection had low sensitivity for identifying RSV-positive cases, particularly in young infants.
INVITED REVIEWS
The 112-Year Odyssey of Pertussis and Pertussis Vaccines—Mistakes Made and Implications for the Future
Pediatric Mucormycosis: A 10-Year Systematic Review of Reported Cases and Review of the Literature
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection, particularly in immunocompromised children. We systematically reviewed and analyzed 226 cases of mucormycosis published in the past 10 years and compared risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcome with those described in previously published literature. Amphotericin B remains the mainstay medical therapy along with aggressive surgical debridement and effective immune recovery, but the resulting mortality rate remains high.
BRIEF REPORTS
Increasing Clindamycin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Resistance in Pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Perianal Infections in Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From the Canadian Infection in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research Group
Pediatric Tetanus in Central Pennsylvania
Respiratory Pathogens in Children 1 Month to 5 Years of Age Presenting With Undifferentiated Acute Respiratory Distress in 2 District-Level Hospitals in Ghana
A respiratory pathogen was identified in 59% of Ghanaian children who presented with acute respiratory distress. Rhinovirus and/or enterovirus was identified most commonly. Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus were detected more frequently in the rainy season than in the dry season.
Evaluation of Intravenous Posaconazole Dosing and Pharmacokinetic Target Attainment in Pediatric Patients
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Postreconstitution Stability of Amoxicillin–Clavulanic Acid Suspensions at Tropical Room Temperature
The storage conditions of reconstituted β-lactam suspensions are of concern, especially in tropical countries. Improper storage conditions after reconstitution lead to administration of a subtherapeutic dose of medication, which in turn leads to treatment failure and antibiotic resistance.
Pediatric Care of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Exposed Breastfeeding Infants
CASE REPORTS
Severe Progressive Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection Associated With Brentuximab Vedotin Therapy
Late Identification of Chikungunya Virus in the Central Nervous System of a 2-Month-Old Infant: Persistence of Maternal-Neonatal Infection?
We report here a probable case of vertical transmission of chikungunya infection with late identification of the virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of an infant with neurological disability.
