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Timothy A Watkins, Jacqueline K Brockhurst, Gregory Germain, Diane E Griffin, Ellen F Foxman, Detection of Live Attenuated Measles Virus in the Respiratory Tract Following Subcutaneous Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 231, Issue 4, 15 April 2025, Pages 1089–1093, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae537
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Abstract
The live attenuated measles vaccine is extremely effective in preventing measles and induces mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract; however, the mechanism is not known. We show that live attenuated measles virus (LAMV) RNA is frequently detected in the respiratory tract 7–21 days after subcutaneous measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination in healthy children (n = 5/20) and macaques (n = 6/8). Replicating LAMV was isolated from the lungs of 2 macaques, with no evidence of transmission to unvaccinated individuals. These observations suggest that LAMV in the respiratory tract may play a role in the development of robust mucosal immunity following MMR vaccination.