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Tianfu Zhang, Jianxiong Yu, Yaqin Zhang, Limin Li, Yuanyuan Chen, Donghai Li, Fenyong Liu, Chen-Yu Zhang, Hongwei Gu, Ke Zen, Salmonellaenterica Serovar Enteritidis Modulates Intestinal Epithelial miR-128 Levels to Decrease Macrophage Recruitment via Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 209, Issue 12, 15 June 2014, Pages 2000–2011, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu006
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Abstract
Background. The mechanism underlying the ability of virulent Salmonella organisms to escape clearance by macrophages is incompletely understood. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which Salmonella escapes macrophages.
Methods. Microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to screen key microRNAs regulating Salmonella–host cell interactions. Target gene was tested using luciferase reporter and Western blot assays. The role of microRNA 128 (miR-128) was assayed using intestinal epithelial cells and a mouse infection model.
Results. The miR-128 level in human intestinal epithelial HT29 cells was strongly increased by infection with strain SE2472, and the elevation in miR-128 levels in mouse intestine and colon tissues correlated with the level of Salmonella infection in mice. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was identified as a target of miR-128, and increased miR-128 levels in epithelial cells due to infection with strain SE2472 significantly decreased the level of cell-secreted M-CSF, leading to impaired M-CSF–mediated macrophage recruitment. The secreted proteins from Salmonella were identified as possible effectors to induce miR-128 expression via the p53 signaling pathway. Moreover, intragastric delivery of anti–miR-128 antagomir into mice significantly increased M-CSF–mediated macrophage recruitment and suppressed Salmonella infection.
Conclusions. Salmonella can upregulate intestinal epithelial miR-128 expression, which, in turn, decreases levels of epithelial cell–secreted M-CSF and M-CSF–induced macrophage recruitment.
