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Shabir A. Madhi, Peter Adrian, Mark F. Cotton, James A. McIntyre, Patrick Jean-Philippe, Shawn Meadows, Sharon Nachman, Helena Käyhty, Keith P. Klugman, Avye Violari, Effect of HIV Infection Status and Anti-Retroviral Treatment on Quantitative and Qualitative Antibody Responses to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Infants, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 202, Issue 3, 1 August 2010, Pages 355–361, https://doi.org/10.1086/653704
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Abstract
Serotype-specific antibody concentration and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) were evaluated after 3 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Groups included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive infants with CD4+ cell percentages ≥25% who initiated immediate antiretroviral treatment (the HIV+/ART+ group) or whose antiretroviral treatment was deferred until clinically or immunologically indicated (the HIV+/ART− group). Immune responses were also evaluated in HIV-noninfected infants born to HIV-seronegative (M−/I−) or HIV-positive mothers (M+/I–). Antibody concentrations were similar between HIV+/ART+ and HIV+/ ART− infants. However, antibody concentrations were lower in M−/I− infants than in M+/I− infants. Nevertheless, M−/ I− infants had superior OPA responses, compared with those in HIV+/ART+ infants, who in turn had better OPA responses, compared with those in HIV+/ART− infants.