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Mecky Matee, Timothy Lahey, Jenni M. Vuola, Lillian Mtei, Bernard F. Cole, Muhammad Bakari, Robert D. Arbeit, C. Robert Horsburgh, Kisali Pallangyo, C. Fordham von Reyn, Baseline Mycobacterial Immune Responses in HIV-Infected Adults Primed with bacille Calmette-Guérin during Childhood and Entering a Tuberculosis Booster Vaccine Trial, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 195, Issue 1, 1 January 2007, Pages 118–123, https://doi.org/10.1086/509896
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Abstract
BackgroundMost new tuberculosis vaccines will be administered as a booster to subjects primed with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) during childhood
MethodsWe investigated in vivo and in vitro immune responses to mycobacteria in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive subjects in Tanzania primed with BCG during childhood and entering a tuberculosis booster vaccine trial. Tests included intradermal skin testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD) and Mycobacterium avium sensitin (MAS); lymphocyte proliferation assays and interferon (IFN)–γ levels after stimulation with Mycobacterium vaccae sonicate (MVS), M. tuberculosis early secreted antigen (ESAT)–6, M. tuberculosis antigen 85 (Ag85), or M. tuberculosis whole-cell lysate (WCL); and determination of serum antibody to lipoarabinomannin (LAM)
ResultsA total of 888 subjects with CD4 cell counts ⩾200 cells/mm3 were enrolled. PPD and MAS test results were positive in 34% and 30% of the subjects, respectively. Proliferative responses were detected as follows: MVS, 6%; Ag85, 24%; ESAT-6, 21%; and WCL, 59%. IFN-γ responses were 2%, 6%, 12%, and 38%, respectively. LAM antibody was detected in 28% of the subjects. Subjects were more likely to have detectable proliferative and IFN-γ responses if they had positive PPD test results or CD4 cell counts ⩾500 cells/mm3. Overall, 94% of the subjects had evidence of primed mycobacterial immune responses
ConclusionOf HIV-positive BCG-immunized adults with CD4 cell counts ⩾200 cells/mm3 in Tanzania, 94% are primed for booster mycobacterial immunization
- hiv
- bacille calmette-guerin
- immune response
- adult
- antigens
- cd4 count determination procedure
- child
- hiv seropositivity
- immunization
- interferons
- lymphocytes
- mycobacterium
- mycobacterium avium
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- hypersensitivity skin testing
- tanzania
- tuberculin test
- tuberculosis
- antibodies
- tuberculin, purified protein derivative
- hiv infections
- human leukocyte interferon
- vaccine clinical trial
- tuberculosis vaccines
- laboratory test finding
- lysate