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Lorenz von Seidlein, The Need for Another Typhoid Fever Vaccine, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 192, Issue 3, 1 August 2005, Pages 357–359, https://doi.org/10.1086/431607
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In this issue of the Journal of Infectious Diseases Kirkpatrick et al. [1] report data on the safety and immunogenicity of a new typhoid fever vaccine with the preliminary name M01ZH09. Better control of typhoid fever is urgently needed because, as noted by Crump et al. [2], an estimated 21,650,000 episodes of typhoid fever illness occurred in 2000
Worldwide, the highest incidence of typhoid fever is in the nonindustrialized countries of south-central and southeast Asia (>100 cases/100,000 persons/year). Intermediate levels in Asia and in Africa have been reported elsewhere [2]. Recent burden estimates include children <5 years old, who, in the past, were falsely thought to be at lower risk for typhoid fever. In Delhi, India, an area with a high incidence of typhoid fever (2730 cases/100,000 persons/year), typhoid fever has been documented in children <5 years old [3]. The encouraging development of declining deaths caused by typhoid fever (from an estimated 600,000 in 1984 to 216,510 in 2000) could be short-lived [2, 4] because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi strains—specifically, quinolone-resistant strains—in high-incidence regions [5, 6]. Aside from human suffering, this disease causes considerable economic consequences in the form of direct treatment costs and lost productivity
