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Paul M. Coplan, Swati B. Gupta, Sheri A. Dubey, Punnee Pitisuttithum, Alex Nikas, Bernard Mbewe, Efthyia Vardas, Mauro Schechter, Esper G. Kallas, Dan C. Freed, Tong-Ming Fu, Christopher T. Mast, Pilaipan Puthavathana, James Kublin, Kelly Brown Collins, John Chisi, Richard Pendame, Scott J. Thaler, Glenda Gray, James Mcintyre, Walter L. Straus, Jon H. Condra, Devan V. Mehrotra, Harry A. Guess, Emilio A. Emini, John W. Shiver, Cross-Reactivity of Anti–HIV-1 T Cell Immune Responses among the Major HIV-1 Clades in HIV-1–Positive Individuals from 4 Continents, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 191, Issue 9, 1 May 2005, Pages 1427–1434, https://doi.org/10.1086/428450
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Abstract
BackgroundThe genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) raises the question of whether vaccines that include a component to elicit antiviral T cell immunity based on a single viral genetic clade could provide cellular immune protection against divergent HIV-1 clades. Therefore, we quantified the cross-clade reactivity, among unvaccinated individuals, of anti–HIV-1 T cell responses to the infecting HIV-1 clade relative to other major circulating clades
MethodsCellular immune responses to HIV-1 clades A, B, and C were compared by standardized interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assays among 250 unvaccinated individuals, infected with diverse HIV-1 clades, from Brazil, Malawi, South Africa, Thailand, and the United States. Cross-clade reactivity was evaluated by use of the ratio of responses to heterologous versus homologous (infecting) clades of HIV-1
ResultsCellular immune responses were predominantly focused on viral Gag and Nef proteins. Cross-clade reactivity of cellular immune responses to HIV-1 clade A, B, and C proteins was substantial for Nef proteins (ratio, 0.97 [95% confidence interval, 0.89–1.05]) and lower for Gag proteins (ratio, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.73]). The difference in cross-clade reactivity to Nef and Gag proteins was significant (P<.0001)
ConclusionsCross-clade reactivity of cellular immune responses can be substantial but varies by viral protein