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Barbara Hoebee, Edwin Rietveld, Louis Bont, Marijke van Oosten, Hennie M. Hodemaekers, Nico J. D. Nagelkerke, Herman J. Neijens, Jan L. L. Kimpen, Tjeerd G. Kimman, Association of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis with Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-4 Receptor α Polymorphisms, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 187, Issue 1, 1 January 2003, Pages 2–11, https://doi.org/10.1086/345859
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Abstract
The association of variants of genes encoding interleukin (IL)–4 and the IL-4 receptor α chain (IL-4Rα) with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis was examined in hospitalized infants. Polymorphisms in IL-4 (C−590T) and IL-4Rα (I50V and Q551R) were genotyped by restriction fragment–length polymorphism analysis. Control subjects included parents of the hospitalized children (for the transmission/disequilibrium test), and a random population sample (for the case-control study). Results were also analyzed in a combination of these 2 tests, using Fisher’s method. The IL-4 590T allele was found more frequently among children hospitalized with RSV than expected in the case-control (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; P=.04) and combination (OR, 1.41; P=.02) tests. Among children who were >6 months old when they were hospitalized, compared with the control group or with the <6 months old who were hospitalized for RSV infection, higher frequencies of both the IL-4 590T allele and the IL-4Rα R551 allele were found. These results indicate that gain-of-function variants of T helper type 2 cytokine genes may play a role in increasing the severity of RSV disease, which appears more pronounced after the first half-year of life