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Axel Ring, Christiane Depnering, Jürgen Pohl, Victor Nizet, Jerry L. Shenep, Wolfgang Stremmel, Synergistic Action of Nitric Oxide Release from Murine Macrophages Caused by Group B Streptococcal Cell Wall and β-Hemolysin/Cytolysin, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 186, Issue 10, 15 November 2002, Pages 1518–1521, https://doi.org/10.1086/344895
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Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of sepsis in neonates. Nitric oxide (NO) release plays a role in the hypotension that characterizes septic shock. It has been shown that GBS β-hemolysin/cytolysin (β-h/c) stimulates the transcription of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in murine macrophages via intracellular pathways similar to those that mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS activation. Here, it is demonstrated that the GBS cell wall and β-h/c act synergistically to induce iNOS in interferon (IFN)–α–primed RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. In nonprimed macrophages, combined activation by the GBS cell wall plus β-h/c is necessary to induce an NO response, which indicates that both virulence factors cooperate to substitute for the priming signal typically provided by IFN-α