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Mihai G. Netea, Chantal A. A. Van der Graaf, Alieke G. Vonk, Ineke Verschueren,, Jos W. M. Van der Meer, Bart Jan Kullberg, The Role of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in the Host Defense against Disseminated Candidiasis, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 185, Issue 10, 15 May 2002, Pages 1483–1489, https://doi.org/10.1086/340511
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent the main class of pattern-recognition receptors involved in sensing pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of TLR4 in the defense against Candida albicans infection. The outgrowth of C. albicans was 10-fold higher in TLR4-defective C3H/HeJ mice, compared with that in control C3H/HeN mice (P < .05). Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β by mouse macrophages in response to C. albicans stimulation was not affected by TLR4, and the candidacidal capacities of the neutrophils and macrophages of C3H/HeJ mice were normal. In contrast, production of the CXC chemokines KC and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 was 40%-60% lower by the macrophages of C3H/HeJ mice (P < .05), which resulted in a 40% decrease in neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. Candida-induced TNF and IL-1β production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly inhibited by blocking anti-TLR2 antibodies in vitro. In conclusion, TLR4-defective C3H/HeJ mice are more susceptible to C. albicans infection, and this is associated with impaired chemokine expression and neutrophil recruitment.
- tumor necrosis factors
- chemokines
- disseminated candidiasis
- candida albicans
- cxc chemokines
- interleukins
- macrophages
- neutrophil infiltration
- neutrophils
- infections
- antibodies
- mice
- host defense
- toll-like receptor
- microorganisms
- candida
- peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- toll-like receptor 4
- toll-like receptor 2
- kangaroo care