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Melissa F. Wellons, Janet S. Ottinger, Kent J. Weinhold, Victoria Gryszowka, Linda L. Sanders, Lloyd J. Edwards, Maria E. Gooding, James R. Thomasch, John A. Bartlett, Immunologic Profile of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients during Viral Remission and Relapse on Antiretroviral Therapy, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 183, Issue 10, 15 May 2001, Pages 1522–1525, https://doi.org/10.1086/320193
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Abstract
A dissociation between plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA levels and CD4+ cell counts has been reported in patients experiencing viral relapse while receiving antiretroviral therapy. This study compared patients with stable CD4+ lymphocytes during viral relapse while receiving treatment with patients who had sustained virus suppression. Plasma HIV RNA levels, lymphocyte immunophenotyping, and T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) levels were measured. Naive CD4+ lymphocyte phenotype and TREC levels were not significantly different in patients with virus suppression or in those who had relapsed. However, CD8+ lymphocyte activation, including the number and percentage of activated cells and CD38 antibody-binding capacity, was significantly elevated during viral relapse, compared with that in suppressed patients. By multivariable regression analyses, CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocyte activation were associated significantly with increasing plasma HIV RNA levels