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Tarek Hamouda, Michael M. Hayes, Zhengyi Cao, Richard Tonda, Kent Johnson, D. Craig Wright, Joan Brisker, James R. Baker, A Novel Surfactant Nanoemulsion with Broad-Spectrum Sporicidal Activity against Bacillus Species, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 180, Issue 6, December 1999, Pages 1939–1949, https://doi.org/10.1086/315124
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Abstract
Two nontoxic, antimicrobial nanoemulsions, BCTP and BCTP 401, have been developed. These emulsions are composed of detergents and oils in 80% water. BCTP diluted up to 1 : 1000 inactivated 190% of Bacillus anthracis spores in 4 h and was also sporicidal against three other Bacillus species. This sporicidal activity is due to disruption of the spore coat after initiation of germination without complete outgrowth. BCTP 401 diluted 1 : 1000 had greater activity than BCTP against Bacillus spores and had an onset of action of <30 min. Mixing BCTP or BCTP 401 with Bacillus cereus prior to subcutaneous injection in mice reduced the resulting skin lesion by 99%. Wound irrigation with BCTP 1 h after spore inoculation yielded a 98% reduction in skin lesion size, and mortality was reduced 3-fold. These nanoemulsion formulas are stable, easily dispersed, nonirritant, and nontoxic compared with other available sporicidal agents.