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Mieke A. Dentener, Gaby J. M. Francot, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Anton T. J. Tool, Arthur J. Verhoeven, Peter Vandenabeele, Wim A. Buurman, Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Release in Whole Blood Ex Vivo: Strong Induction by Lipopolysaccharide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 175, Issue 1, January 1997, Pages 108–117, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/175.1.108
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Abstract
In this study, the release of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), which is stored in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), was analyzed in a whole blood ex vivo system. Of the microbial products tested, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) most potently induced BPI release; FMLP, serum-treated zymosan (STZ), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) also induced BPI release. In addition, the inflammatory mediator tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α potently activated PMNL in whole blood, via TNF receptor p55, to release BPI, whereas interleukin (lL)-1, IL-8, platelet activating factor, and C5a were poor inducers of BPI release. STZ and phorbol myristate acetate, but not LPS, FMLP, or LTA, stimulated isolated PMNL to release BPI. BPI was released in comparable magnitude with the azurophilic granule protein elastase. Furthermore, both proteins were released with similar kinetics, which started within 30 min after onset of stimulation and lasted 1–4 h.
- tumor necrosis factors
- platelet activating factor
- interleukin-8
- interleukins
- lipopolysaccharides
- neutrophils
- n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
- pancreatic elastase
- tumor necrosis factor receptor
- streptozocin
- tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
- zymosan
- kinetics
- whole blood
- bactericidal permeability increasing protein
- tumor necrosis
- azurophilic granules
- lipoteichoic acids
- symptom onset
- elastases