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Long Fu Xi, G. William Demers, Laura A. Koutsky, Nancy B. Kiviat, Jane Kuypers, D. Heather Watts, King K. Holmes, Denise A. Galloway, Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Variants Indicates Establishment of Persistent Infection, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 172, Issue 3, September 1995, Pages 747–755, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/172.3.747
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Abstract
Sequence differences in the noncoding region of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) genome were displayed using single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified material. Two variants accounted for 50%–70% of all HPV-16 variants from 3 cohorts in Seattle. Seventy subjects who were repeatedly HPV-16 DNA-positive over 2–8 4-monthly visits showed an identical SSCP pattern at every visit. Only 10%–20% of the specimens showed evidence of infection by multiple variants when assessed by SSCP. However, cloning and sequencing of the PCR products revealed a substantially higher proportion of specimens with > 1 variant. Sequencing many clones from each specimen confirmed that 1 major variant seemed to predominate over time, whereas minor variants appeared more transient. These results suggest that HPV-16 establishes a persistent infection in which a single variant predominates: coinfection with additional HPV-16 variants results in a minor population of HPV-16 genomes.