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Ranjit Ray, Brenda J. Glaze, Zina Moldoveanu, Richard W. Compans, Intranasal Immunization of Hamsters with Envelope Glycoproteins of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 157, Issue 4, April 1988, Pages 648–654, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/157.4.648
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Abstract
Envelope glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) were electively solubilized with n-octyl β-d-glucopyranoside and reconstituted into lipid vesicles by dialysis of the detergent. The efficacy of the glycoprotein preparation as a subunit vaccine when administered to hamsters intranasally or subcutaneously was compared. Animals receiving four intranasal immunizations with 5 μg of the glycoprotein preparation were completely resistant to challenge infection. Only partial protection, however, was observed in animals immunized subcutaneously with the same dose of antigen. The local glycoprotein-specific IgA response was significantly higher in intranasally immunized animals and was implicated in resistance to challenge infection.