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Quantification of daridorexant, lemborexant and suvorexant in whole blood using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Munchelou M Gomonit and Britni N Skillman
Suvorexant, lemborexant, and daridorexant are dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) used to treat insomnia, offering a lower abuse potential due to their lack of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity compared to traditional sleep medications. Still, DORAs remain drugs of forensic interest due to ...
North America Laboratory Survey Data for Drug Testing in Drug Impaired Driving and Traffic Fatality Investigations
Amanda L D’Orazio and others
In 2004, the National Safety Council’s Alcohol, Drugs and Impairment Division (NSC-ADID) set out to provide guidance for the standardization of laboratory testing practices in driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and fatal motor vehicle crash investigations after identifying a lack of ...
Hydroxyzine in Impaired Driving Investigations
Jolene J Bierly and Amanda L D’Orazio
Hydroxyzine (Vistaril©) is an unscheduled, first-generation antihistamine prescribed for nausea/vomiting, atopic dermatitis or eczema, and anxiety. It can produce adverse central nervous system depressant (CNS) effects such as fatigue, sedation, and impaired memory and concentration. Several ...
Preparation and Stability Characterization of Flavor Ingredients in E-liquids for Pre-clinical Assessment of ENDS products: A case study of 38 flavor ingredients in a single mixture
John H Miller and others
E-Vapor products generate aerosols typically containing nicotine, flavor ingredients, and aerosol formers (propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin). Whilst many flavor ingredients are “generally recognized as safe (GRAS)” for oral use in the food industry, there exist knowledge gaps on their ...
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in oral fluid: development of a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry detection
Henrique Silva Bombana and others
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) comprise a class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) that rank second in terms of notified substances to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Moreover, SCRA are the most prevalent NPS in Brazilian territory. Given the risks they pose to ...
Toxicological detection of the new psychoactive substances MDPHP and MDPHpP in human urine samples by elucidation of their urinary metabolites using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Isabel Brueckner and others
The continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances on the illicit drug market provides challenges for forensic and clinical analytics. Reliable detection of previous ingestion of these drugs in human urine samples requires elucidation of target metabolites and, in the case of gas ...
The rising trend of MDPHP consumption: an Italian snapshot
Nunzia La Maida and others
Synthetic cathinones (SCs) were confirmed as the second most prevalent class of NPS in 2024, underscoring their widespread availability and use. Notably, the SCs seizure and related intoxication cases increased within the European Union, involving mostly 3-chloromethcathinone, ...
Testing for trazodone, an antidepressant, in hair collected from horses
Pascal Kintz and others
Trazodone, a medicine registered for human, is a serotonin agonist–antagonist. At low dose, the drug is sedative due to its antagonist properties. At high dose, it is an agonist with anxiolytic and antidepressant actions. Trazodone can be administered to the horse to reduce anxiety. However, ...

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