Search Results | Journal of African Economies | Oxford Academic

Skip to Main Content

Advertisement

Journals

Books

Sign in through your institution

Navbar Search Filter Mobile Enter search term Search

Issues
JEL
More Content
Submit
Purchase
About
Journals on Oxford Academic
Books on Oxford Academic

Issues
JEL

All JEL Expand Expand

A - General Economics and Teaching

A1 - General Economics

A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values

B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches

B4 - Economic Methodology

B41 - Economic Methodology

B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches

B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary

B54 - Feminist Economics

C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods

C0 - General

C01 - Econometrics

C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General

C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General

C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General

C13 - Estimation: General

C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General

C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General

C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables

C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions

C22 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

C23 - Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models

C24 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models

C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities

C26 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation

C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables

C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models

C32 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

C33 - Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models

C34 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models

C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions

C36 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation

C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics

C41 - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies

C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation

C5 - Econometric Modeling

C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods; Simulation Methods

C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling

C60 - General

C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models

C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs

C80 - General

C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access

C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access

C83 - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods

C9 - Design of Experiments

C90 - General

C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior

C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior

C93 - Field Experiments

D - Microeconomics

D0 - General

D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles

D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact

D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles

D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation, and Evaluation

D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics

D10 - General

D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory

D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis

D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation

D14 - Household Saving; Personal Finance

D2 - Production and Organizations

D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis

D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights

D24 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity

D25 - Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing

D3 - Distribution

D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions

D33 - Factor Income Distribution

D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design

D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium

D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models

D6 - Welfare Economics

D60 - General

D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

D64 - Altruism; Philanthropy

D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations

D72 - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior

D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption

D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions

D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation

D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty

D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty

D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design

D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness

D84 - Expectations; Speculations

D9 - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics

D91 - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making

E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

E0 - General

E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts

E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy

E20 - General

E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth

E22 - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity

E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles

E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles

E39 - Other

E4 - Money and Interest Rates

E41 - Demand for Money

E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems

E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

E47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

E50 - General

E52 - Monetary Policy

E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies

E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

E60 - General

E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination

E62 - Fiscal Policy

E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy

F - International Economics

F0 - General

F01 - Global Outlook

F1 - Trade

F10 - General

F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation

F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade

F15 - Economic Integration

F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions

F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation

F18 - Trade and Environment

F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business

F20 - General

F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements

F22 - International Migration

F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business

F24 - Remittances

F3 - International Finance

F31 - Foreign Exchange

F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements

F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions

F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems

F35 - Foreign Aid

F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration

F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics

F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission

F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies

F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy

F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations

F54 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism

F55 - International Institutional Arrangements

F59 - Other

F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization

F60 - General

G - Financial Economics

G0 - General

G01 - Financial Crises

G1 - General Financial Markets

G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading

G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation

G2 - Financial Institutions and Services

G20 - General

G21 - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies

G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies

G28 - Government Policy and Regulation

G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance

G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity

H - Public Economics

H1 - Structure and Scope of Government

H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government

H12 - Crisis Management

H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

H20 - General

H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation

H22 - Incidence

H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes

H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance

H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

H30 - General

H31 - Household

H32 - Firm

H4 - Publicly Provided Goods

H40 - General

H41 - Public Goods

H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods

H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate

H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies

H50 - General

H51 - Government Expenditures and Health

H52 - Government Expenditures and Education

H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock

H56 - National Security and War

H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

H60 - General

H61 - Budget; Budget Systems

H62 - Deficit; Surplus

H63 - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt

H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations

H70 - General

H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession

I - Health, Education, and Welfare

I1 - Health

I10 - General

I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets

I12 - Health Behavior

I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private

I14 - Health and Inequality

I15 - Health and Economic Development

I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

I19 - Other

I2 - Education and Research Institutions

I20 - General

I21 - Analysis of Education

I22 - Educational Finance; Financial Aid

I23 - Higher Education; Research Institutions

I24 - Education and Inequality

I25 - Education and Economic Development

I26 - Returns to Education

I28 - Government Policy

I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty

I30 - General

I31 - General Welfare

I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

J - Labor and Demographic Economics

J0 - General

J01 - Labor Economics: General

J1 - Demographic Economics

J10 - General

J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts

J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse

J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination

J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

J17 - Value of Life; Forgone Income

J18 - Public Policy

J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor

J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

J23 - Labor Demand

J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies

J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

J38 - Public Policy

J4 - Particular Labor Markets

J41 - Labor Contracts

J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets

J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets

J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets

J46 - Informal Labor Markets

J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining

J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects

J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers

J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility

J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search

J68 - Public Policy

J7 - Labor Discrimination

J71 - Discrimination

J78 - Public Policy

J8 - Labor Standards: National and International

J82 - Labor Force Composition

K - Law and Economics

K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior

K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law

K49 - Other

L - Industrial Organization

L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

L10 - General

L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks

L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm

L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure

L23 - Organization of Production

L26 - Entrepreneurship

L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise

L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship

L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out

L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing

L60 - General

L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment

L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction

L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources

L8 - Industry Studies: Services

L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism

M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics

M5 - Personnel Economics

M50 - General

M53 - Training

N - Economic History

N0 - General

N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations

N10 - General, International, or Comparative

N15 - Asia including Middle East

N17 - Africa; Oceania

N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions

N27 - Africa; Oceania

N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy

N30 - General, International, or Comparative

N37 - Africa; Oceania

N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation

N47 - Africa; Oceania

N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries

N57 - Africa; Oceania

N6 - Manufacturing and Construction

N67 - Africa; Oceania

N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services

N77 - Africa; Oceania

O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth

O1 - Economic Development

O10 - General

O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products

O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology

O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements

O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

O2 - Development Planning and Policy

O20 - General

O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy

O22 - Project Analysis

O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development

O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy

O25 - Industrial Policy

O29 - Other

O3 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights

O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

O38 - Government Policy

O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

O40 - General

O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models

O43 - Institutions and Growth

O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

O49 - Other

O5 - Economywide Country Studies

O50 - General

O53 - Asia including Middle East

O55 - Africa

O56 - Oceania

O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries

P - Economic Systems

P1 - Capitalist Systems

P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform

P16 - Political Economy

P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies

P4 - Other Economic Systems

P47 - Performance and Prospects

P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies

Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

Q0 - General

Q00 - General

Q01 - Sustainable Development

Q02 - Commodity Markets

Q1 - Agriculture

Q10 - General

Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices

Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets

Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

Q14 - Agricultural Finance

Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment

Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services

Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade

Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy

Q19 - Other

Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation

Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture

Q23 - Forestry

Q24 - Land

Q25 - Water

Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation

Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development

Q33 - Resource Booms

Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts

Q38 - Government Policy

Q4 - Energy

Q40 - General

Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources

Q48 - Government Policy

Q5 - Environmental Economics

Q50 - General

Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming

Q55 - Technological Innovation

Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics

R1 - General Regional Economics

R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity

R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies

R2 - Household Analysis

R20 - General

R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics

R28 - Government Policy

R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location

R32 - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis

R4 - Transportation Economics

R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise

R5 - Regional Government Analysis

R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock

R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy

Z - Other Special Topics

Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology

Z12 - Religion

Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification

Browse all content Browse content in
More Content
Submit
Purchase
About

Close

Navbar Search Filter Enter search term Search

Advanced Search

AI Discovery Assistant

Skip to results

Modify your search

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Select the operation between terms

AND

OR

NOT

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Select the operation between terms

AND

OR

NOT

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Select the operation between terms

AND

OR

NOT

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Select the operation between terms

AND

OR

NOT

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Select the operation between terms

AND

OR

NOT

Edit your search term, change scope of search Enter search term

Full Text Keywords Title Author/Editor/ORCiD Abstract References/Bibliography

Availability

Availability

All content I have access to

Open Access

NARROW

Format

Facet list

Journal Article (1)

Type

Facet list

Research Article (1)

Section

Find a Section

The list will update as you type

Facet list

Supplement paper (1)

Publication date

Date Range

Published
Updated

Date range

Single date

From Select month

To Select month

Publication date

1-1 of 1

Authors: Boaz O Munga

Save search

Follow your search

Access your saved searches in your account

saved search image

Name your search

Follow this search

Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?

Save search

Sort by

Sort Order Select

Journal Article

Does the Poverty Level Minimum Basket Adequately Inform the Scope of Governments' Poverty Reduction Strategies?

PDF

Rose W Ngugi and others

Journal of African Economies, Volume 32, Issue Supplement_2, April 2023, Pages ii246–ii272, https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejac051

Published: 17 April 2023

Advertisement

Email alerts

New journal issues

New journal articles

Sign up for marketing

Perform this search in

Journals Journals

Books Books

Oxford Academic Oxford Academic

Advertisement

Advertisement

Advertisement

About Journal of African Economies
Editorial Board
Author Guidelines
Contact the Centre for the Study of African Economies
Facebook

X (formerly Twitter)
Purchase
Recommend to your Library
Advertising and Corporate Services
Journals Career Network

Online ISSN 1464-3723
Copyright © 2025 Centre for the Study of African Economies

About Oxford Academic
Publish journals with us
University press partners
What we publish
New features

For authors
Open access
Purchasing
Institutional account management
Rights and permissions

Get help with access
Accessibility
Contact us
Advertising
Media enquiries

Oxford University Press
News
Oxford Languages
University of Oxford

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide

Copyright © 2025 Oxford University Press
Cookie policy
Privacy policy
Legal notice

Close

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only

Sign In or Create an Account

Close

This PDF is available to Subscribers Only

View Article Abstract & Purchase Options

For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.

Close