Abstract

The Paduniella andamanensis species group (“andamanensis” group) is notable for its morphological consistency and contains the only species in the family Psychomyiidae with markings recorded on its wings, Paduniella fasciaria Peng & Sun, 2024. To elucidate the phylogenetic status of “andamanensis” group and placement of the family Psychomyiidae, mitochondrial genomes of 22 psychomyiid species from 6 genera, plus 2 species from Xiphocentronidae, were sequenced and analyzed. The mitogenomes of 4 genera are documented for the first time. Four novel gene rearrangement patterns for Trichoptera, including rearrangement of protein-coding genes (PCGs) and tRNAs, were found. Surprisingly, in addition to the standard 22 tRNAs, a tandem duplication trnT-trnP has occurred in Lype sagittalis Peng & Sun, 2024, a unique finding in Trichoptera. Furthermore, a rearrangement of genes between trnT and trnP, including multiple PCGs was detected in “andamanensis” group, and was inferred to be caused by tandem duplication and random loss events. Protein-coding gene rearrangements, found only in a few taxa, provide unique insights into the evolution of these taxa. The phylogeny strongly supported the monophyly of the “andamanensis” group, with genetic distances of the “andamanensis” group from Paduniella and other genera comparable to that found between other genera in Psychomyiidae. Thus, the new genus, Paduniellodes gen. nov. is proposed for the “andamanensis” group, for which the observed gene rearrangement is a synapomorphy. In addition, the unique structure of the superior appendages provides morphological support for genus status.

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Subject Editor: Hojun Song
Hojun Song
Subject Editor
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