... boosters the “Second City” saw only stagnation and decline. A new generation of architects and engineers, however, stood waiting. Some were products of the city’s prior booms, opening firms that were hungry for any opportunity to innovate. Others were new arrivals—in particular Ludwig Mies van der Rohe...

.... Public and private investment forged new subsidized developments that inspired construction and design innovation. Knowledge from these migrated to middle- and upper-class housing. Mies van der Rohe’s first skyscrapers—Promontory Apartments and the “Glass Houses” at 860-880 Lake Shore Drive—were built...

... and Holsman Holsman Klekamp and Taylor Murphy Charles F “Second Chicago School ” W8 mullions Carl Sandburg Village Solomon & Central Area Plan Daley Richard J demographics density development Federal Center Fewkes Tower Harry Weese & Associates Mies van der Rohe Ludwig ornamentation...