Redeeming Time: Protestantism and Chicago's Eight-Hour Movement, 1866-1912
Redeeming Time: Protestantism and Chicago's Eight-Hour Movement, 1866-1912
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Abstract
During the struggle for the eight-hour workday and a shorter workweek, Chicago emerged as an important battleground for workers in “the entire civilized world” to redeem time from the workplace in order to devote it to education, civic duty, health, family, and leisure. This book explores how the city's eight-hour movement intersected with a Protestant religious culture that supported long hours to keep workers from idleness, intemperance, and secular leisure activities. Analyzing how both workers and clergy rewove working-class religious cultures and ideologies into strategic and rhetorical frames, the book shows how every faith-based appeal contested whose religious meanings would define labor conditions and conflicts. As it notes, the ongoing worker–employer tension transformed both how clergy spoke about the eight-hour movement and what they were willing to do, until intensified worker protest and employer intransigence spurred Protestant clergy to support the eight-hour movement even as political and economic arguments eclipsed religious framing. A revealing study of an era and a cause, this book illustrates the potential—and the limitations—of religious culture and religious leaders as forces in industrial reform.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
Protestantism and Labor Reform Movements
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1
A City of Industrial and Religious Extremes
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2
Opening Eight-Hour Protests and the 1867 Eight-Hour Law
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3
Eight Hours and the Financial Crisis of 1873
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4
Marching to Haymarket and the 1886 Eight-Hour Campaign
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5
A “New Consciousness” for Constructing a Morality of Leisure
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6
Shifting Eight-Hour Reform from Consciousness to Creed in the Twentieth Century
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Conclusion
Religion and the Trajectory of Labor Reform Movements
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End Matter
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