
Contents
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Crusading Journalism in the Late Nineteenth Century Crusading Journalism in the Late Nineteenth Century
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“Calm, Deliberate, and Critical Thought”: Modern Race Journalism in the Crisis and Chicago Defender “Calm, Deliberate, and Critical Thought”: Modern Race Journalism in the Crisis and Chicago Defender
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“Rights Are Seldom Granted Except in a Crisis”: The Black Press in World War I “Rights Are Seldom Granted Except in a Crisis”: The Black Press in World War I
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1 “Negro Subversion”: Solidifying a Militant Press
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Published:November 2017
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Abstract
A skeletal national communications network of news by, about, and for African Americans came into existence as black men and women migrated from the rural South for better wages and opportunities in the industrial North and elsewhere. Upstart newspaper publishers courted readers by adopting modern journalism practices and emboldening demands for racial reform, as illustrated by the Chicago Defender and Crisis magazine. News coverage of the East St. Louis race riot and the so-called Houston mutiny showed how journalists continued to denounce segregation and discrimination even after the United States joined World War I. Press criticism provoked government surveillance and censorship. State intimidation, though, failed to silence dissident publishers who claimed to rival ministers as Black America’s preeminent leaders.
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