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Carolin Wefer, North Korea–US relations: from Kim Jong Il to Kim Jong Un, International Affairs, Volume 96, Issue 4, July 2020, Pages 1114–1116, https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa125
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North Korea–US relations: from Kim Jong Il to Kim Jong Un is the second edition of renowned European Korea expert Ramon Pacheco Pardo's work on the developments of relations between the two countries, focusing on North Korea's nuclear efforts. In late 2019, the North Korean leadership warned the United States of a possible ‘Christmas gift’. It insinuated that the US government was running out of time on the nuclear negotiations with Pyongyang and was facing the choice of a positive gift—a deal—or a negative gift—renewed nuclear testing. The US consequently watched North Korea for signs of a possible missile launch. Pyongyang had already conducted an engine test in the months before, which potentially involved an engine for a space launch vehicle or a long-range missile. In early 2020, North Korea continued to launch several unidentified projectiles. These were all shortrange, but increased tensions in the region and with the Trump administration in the US. Washington has yet to succeed in one of its biggest foreign policy goals: re-engaging North Korea in negotiations to eliminate its nuclear weapons and missiles.
