... and early twentieth centuries. It also juxtaposes the narratives with two texts: Natsume Sōseki's 1914 speech “Watakushi no kojinshugi” (My individualism) and Kuki Shūzō's 1930 treatise “Iki” no kōzō (The structure of “iki”). branding encounters with difference family handbags nation...

... context, human beings are understood as participants in living families and communities, and the traditional rural community is seen as the local extension of the family unit. The chapter argues that it is essential to transcend individualism and the value of financial exchange that are foundational...

... on justice grounded in an abstracted individuality not only fail to deliver justice but also perpetuate grave historical injustices. It then presents Confucian role ethics and its holistic vision of the moral life as an alternative, sui generis vocabulary for pursuing social justice. It also...

..., promoting the development or preservation of xing or other personal, cosmic agencies as a means to individual attainment and authority; and “external” orientations, which advocated institutional methods of control and discouraged individual reliance on the powers of xing...

... norms, many writers of the third and second centuries bce promoted individual agency and achievement while also providing a mechanism of external control over individual agency. These writings, namely the Zhong yong (“Centering on the Commonplace”) and passages from certain later chapters...

...This concluding chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This book outlined a variety of beliefs that support the power and agency of the individual in one way or another, as well as a widespread belief in the importance of universal conformism to the greater cosmos, which...

...This postscript presents some comments about the use of the term “individualism.” It explains that using the term in the analysis of intellectual developments related to the self shows readers that certain early Chinese views can justifiably be compared with, or translated as, “individualism...

...Conventional wisdom has it that the concept of individualism was absent in early China. This book provides an important corrective to this view and persuasively argues that an idea of individualism can be applied to the study of early Chinese thought and politics with intriguing results...

... as subcultural aesthetics, and it demonstrates that individualism and strangeness carried considerable moral and cultural value. The book concludes that a confluence of intellectual, aesthetic, and social conditions enabled multiple concurrent heterodoxies to crystallize around strangeness as a prominent...

... an emphasis on individualism. Men’s interpretation of the penitence ritual is aligned with a more doctrinal understanding of karma, claiming that participation is significant only in that it provides the opportunity for change through self-cultivation, whereas women see their religious practice...

... her existential reality by exercising what Iryŏp calls new individualism. Christianity Key Ellen 1849–1926 Lutheran concept of marriage according to Ellen Key inhumanity modernity social Darwinism Blue Tower Society Ch’ŏngt’aphoe Hiratsuka Raichō 1886–1971 Kim Iryŏp or Kim Wŏnju 1896–1971...

...This chapter introduces Siquijor Island and sketches the socio-economic terrain of the village. It then considers key material markers of development—such as infant formula and concrete block houses—and how these are deployed by individuals and families as they compete for status. While this aspect...

...This chapter examines the early Mohist rhetoric on upward conformity to ascertain their views on the limits and parameters of individual agency and autonomous decision-making powers. By exploring what underlies this rhetoric—rooted so deeply in a religious belief about the nature of Heaven's...

... in Micronesia. One strategy for preventing conflict is to impose restraints on individualism in the community. Micronesians are trained from an early age to conform to the expectations of the group; they learn over time to subordinate their own personal interests to the good of the community. This chapter...

... of others, especially when visiting new places. Whereas westerners often have unrealistic notions of the range of their personal choice, Micronesians believe that individual satisfaction must be sacrificed in favor of the good of the social group; they are under no illusion that their own decisions...

... Ayako China Katō Shūichi Zasshū bunka Katō Indonesia Khoo Boo chai Saraswati L Ayu postwar Japan plastic surgery beauty culture double eyelids individualism rhinoplasty blepharoplasty layered imperialism anthropometry women's magazines By the late 1950s, the growing popularity...

... their husbands’ long absences, and deployments to areas of conflict. Battering Isolation Homesickness Individualism Racial discrimination Japanese American internment Anti-Japanese hostility “Okinawan wife murdered, husband sentenced to life in prison,” read a headline in the January 15, 2012, issue...

... distribution digital technologies Reynaud Bérénice transnationalism crowd qunzhong socialist realism individualism independence In their introduction to a collaborative study of crowds organized by the Stanford Humanities Lab in 2000, Jeffrey T. Schnapp and Matthew Tiews observe that while the first...