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David Lederer, Das Bayerische Konkordat von 1583. Die Neuorientierung der päpstlichen Deutschlandpolitik nach dem Konzil von Trient und deren Konsequenzen für das Verhältnis von weltlicher und geistlicher Gewalt, German History, Volume 26, Issue 4, October 2008, Pages 581–582, https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghn057
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The signing of a concordat with the papacy has always marked a defining moment in any state's relations with the Catholic Church hierarchy. One of the earliest, the so-called Concordat of Worms (1122), concluded the Investiture Controversy. Two more famous agreements were negotiated with France and while the Concordat of Bologna (1516) marked a crucial step in the development of a Gallican Church, Napoleon's 1801 accord represented a reactionary volte-face in his bid to hold power.
During the Confessional Age, Bavaria—together with Würzburg—embodied the triumph of Catholic confessionalization in the Empire. In 1583, the War of the Cologne Succession ended in a virtual secundogeniture for the Wittelsbach dynasty on the Upper Rhine. The year 1583 also witnessed the conclusion of a Bavarian Concordat following lengthy negotiations between Duke Wilhelm V (the Pious) of Bavaria and the Papal legate, Felician Ninguarda. The Concordat of 1583 laid the religious foundations for a Bavarian state destined to become the bulwark of the Catholic cause in the Thirty Years War under Wilhelm's son, the renowned social disciplinarian and founder of the Catholic League, Maximilian I. This detailed account traces the history of the Concordat from the outbreak of the Reformation, through all phases of official negotiations, to its ultimate conclusion.
