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Part front matter for Part Four Anthropology and Nature
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Published:December 2009
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Media reports in 2008 spoke frequently of the “human catastrophe” of flooding in the Midwestern states. Presumably this designated the tragic impacts of exceptional ecological events for families and communities in the affected areas. The banal phrase, however, conceals a provocative juxtaposition reminiscent of suggestions by Edward Soja and Michael Fischer: a “natural catastrophe” is made catastrophic by its social appropriation, that is, precisely by its human origins and effects. In this more radical sense, every natural catastrophe is a human catastrophe, not only in terms of its painful consequences for individuals but as a social product. Where does the autonomously “natural” end and the social agency of human natures begin? This section on anthropology addresses how human institutions and technologies intersect with experiences of “the natural.”
Michael Fischer delves into the political and social spaces emerging from and conditioning human experiences of the natural and of the self. Our institutions come to manifest particular understandings of life and of being, but they never do so univocally, since all institutions develop from multiple interests, communities, and legal negotiations. Fischer explores four different notions of nature in terms of such complicated discourses: the nature manifested in the distribution of natural resources or more dramatically in natural catastrophes; the nature that proceeds from technical and cultural productions; the natures rebuilt “inside out” by genetic research; and the nature that confronts us in the alterity of other sentient beings. Each of these instances allows Fischer to investigate interrelated narratives by which we attempt to gain some purchase on our place in the world despite our incomplete knowledge of it. The plural identities of human nature, whether individual or social, emerge from this interplay of narratives.
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